Browsing by Author "Aforijiku, Samuel"
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Item Bacteriological Quality and the Antibiogram of Isolates from Raw Cow Milk Produced in Ibadan Metropolis Oyo State, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2023-06-12) Adediran, A; Aforijiku, Samuel; Adediran, A; Fashogbon, RachealThis study aimed at evaluating the bacteriological quality as well as the antibiogram (antibiotic sensitivity profile) of organisms isolated from raw cow milk produced in Ibadan metropolis. Raw cow milk samples were collected from University of Ibadan Research farm, Bodija, Sabo and Akinyele cow settlement ibadan. Bacterial counts, isolation and phenotypic identification of bacterial isolated from the assessed raw cow milk were determined using standard procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity tests was carried out by disc diffusion method. The total bacterial counts and total coliform counts ranged between 0.9×106 to 4.5×106 CFU/ml and 0.4×106 to 4.2×106 CFU/ml, respectively. Fourty-two (42) bacterial isolates were identiifield as Staphylococcus aureus (16), Escherichia coli (8), Salmonella typhimurium (6), Shigella dysentriae (6), Enterobacter aerogenes (4) and Serretia marcescens (2). Based on the antibiogram, S. aureus, E. coli , S. typhi and S. dysentriae had 100% resistance to Tetracycline, Gentamycin and Nitrofurantoin while Serratia marcescens strains had 100% susceptibility to all the antibiotic except Nitrofurantoin which had 50% susceptibility and Tetracycline which had 100% resistance. All of the E.coli isolates were resistance to tetracycline. The raw cow milk samples analysed exceeded the WHO microbiological standard of 1.0×105 CFU/mL and 3.0×101 CFU/mL for total bacteria count and coliform count for raw milk respectively. The antibiogram studies revealed that some bacteria isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics used. This may pose a high risk of milk borne illnesses among consumers and put them at risk of being infected with antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. There is utmost need for an awareness program with a follow up mechanism to educate dairy farmers and handlers on hygienic production practices and discourage the indiscriminate use of antibotics to have a wholesome milk.Item Microbial analysis and detection of Aflatoxin from Irvingia gabonensis kernels sold in Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria(African Journal of Biotechnology, 0022-12-01) Fashogbon, Racheal; Popoola, Bukola; Aforijiku, Samuel; Oyekanmi Ayomide; Uloko, Osaze; Olanbiwoninu, AfolakeThis research work aimed at screening for different microorganisms associated with Irvingia gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels, its nutritional value and detection of aflatoxins from some of the infested I. gabonensis Kernels sold in Oyo town. A total of 30 different I. gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels were randomly purchased from six different points in the five major markets in Oyo town and isolation was done on Nutrient agar (NA), McConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) using pour plate method. The isolates were culturally, morphologically and biochemically characterized. The mineral, proximate and aflatoxin detection of the I. gabonensis Kernels with high microbial load and growth of Aspergillus flavus was carried out using standard methods. A total of 25 bacteria and 18 fungal were isolated which include Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and yeast. Irvingia gabonensis seeds with growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.4% sodium, 20.0 mg/kg vitamin C, 29.4 mg/kg calcium, 0.9 mg/100g iron, 34.4 mg/100 g magnesium and 0.02 mg/100 g zinc. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.5% moisture content, 4.2% crude protein, 45.7% crude fat, 9.1% crude fibre and 1.5% total ash. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW4, OOJ6 and OOW1) had aflatoxin level of 3.47, 3.69 and 5.10 ppb, respectively. Irvingia gabonensis seed with high micrItem Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Potentials of Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower): A Natural Preservative in Food Industry(Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2025-07-18) Fashogbon, Racheal; Aforijiku, Samuel; Adegbuyi, Gbemisola; Akinola, THelianthus annuus (sunflower) is an important plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae and usually used as oil in the food industry. This study investigates the phytochemical and antimicrobial potentials of aqueous leaf extracts from Helianthus annuus (AqHa). The H.annuus leaves were collected from botanical section of Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo and were taken to the laboratory and processed into aqueous extract using standard method. The Aqueous leaf extracts from Helianthus annuus (AqHa) were assessed for phytochemical attributes, Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potential against food pathogens using standard procedures. Phytochemical analysis of the assessed extracts revealed the presence of some plant metabolites including flavonoids, steroid, tannins and saponins while FTIR showed the presence of some key functional groups such as O-H stretch, H-bonded, O-H stretch, H-bonded, Methylene C-H stretch, Methyne C-H stretch and C=C Conjugated bonds. The peak at 2355.00 cm1 and 1735.60 cm1 were related to stretch vibration of Methylene C-H and C=C, respectively both denoting the presence of fat while the highest peak (3759.57 cm-1) was related to hydroxyl group. AqHa had the highest zone of inhibition (13 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus while the least (7 mm) inhibition was on Staphylococcus spp. The highest antioxidant activity was evaluated as Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (56 and 87%) and reducing power scavenging assay (49% and 83%). Aqueous leaf extracts from Helianthus annuus (AqHa) contains phytochemical compounds, had antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potentials on food pathogens, and could be used as an alternative in the development of plant based antimicrobials or as preservatives in food industries.