Browsing by Author "Bakarey A. S."
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Item Ebola Virus Disease and Its Antecedents in West African Countries: Challenges, the Current Trend and the Way Forward(SM Virology, 2017) Olayiwola, John Olusola; Bakarey A. S.In 2017, Democratic Republic of Congo, a West African country experienced another outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) since the largest outbreaks in history were last reported in 2015 in the region. Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate as high as 90% and caused by Ebola virus. The victims become infected with the pathogen either through contact with infected animals or via direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected humans. The virus responsible for this outbreak, the Zaire Ebola Virus (EBOV), from the genus Ebolavirus in conjunction with the genus Marburgvirus forms the Filoviridae family. Ebola virus is one of the most deadly and highly virulent pathogens among the viral haemorrhagic fevers resulting in case fatality rates of close to 90% as earlier documented. Multi-organ failure and severe bleeding complications have been responsible for the high mortality usually reported. In the recent past, a total of 5335 cases (confirmed, suspected and probable) with 2622 deaths, with a case fatality rate of around 50% have been documented. Laboratory confirmation through the use of RT-PCR molecular technique remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Although as at today, there is no licensed vaccine against the virus, however, under an agreement between GAVI and Merck, the developer of an Ebola vaccine known as rVSV-ZEBOV is now available. Therefore, various hygienic and preventive measures have been advocated for Ebola control and prevention. This review summarizes the drifts and pattern of Ebola outbreaks and its antecedents in West African region including other aspects of diagnosis and prevention and what is the current trend as a guide against future control.Item Ebola Virus Disease and Its Antecedents in West African Countries: Challenges, the Current Trend and the Way Forward(2017-10-27) Olayiwola, John Olusola; Bakarey A. S.In 2017, Democratic Republic of Congo, a West African country experienced another outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) since the largest outbreaks in history were last reported in 2015 in the region. Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate as high as 90% and caused by Ebola virus. The victims become infected with the pathogen either through contact with infected animals or via direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected humans. The virus responsible for this outbreak, the Zaire Ebola Virus (EBOV), from the genus Ebolavirus in conjunction with the genus Marburgvirus forms the Filoviridae family. Ebola virus is one of the most deadly and highly virulent pathogens among the viral haemorrhagic fevers resulting in case fatality rates of close to 90% as earlier documented. Multi-organ failure and severe bleeding complications have been responsible for the high mortality usually reported. In the recent past, a total of 5335 cases (confirmed, suspected and probable) with 2622 deaths, with a case fatality rate of around 50% have been documented. Laboratory confirmation through the use of RT-PCR molecular technique remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Although as at today, there is no licensed vaccine against the virus, however, under an agreement between GAVI and Merck, the developer of an Ebola vaccine known as rVSV-ZEBOV is now available. Therefore, various hygienic and preventive measures have been advocated for Ebola control and prevention. This review summarizes the drifts and pattern of Ebola outbreaks and its antecedents in West African region including other aspects of diagnosis and prevention and what is the current trend as a guide against future controlItem Investigations of dengue virus and Plasmodium falciparum among febrile patients receiving care at a tertiary health facility in Osogbo, south-west Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2019) Olayiwola, John Olusola; Nassar, S. A; Bakarey A. S.; Enyhowero, S. O.Both dengue and malaria are diseases of the tropical and sub-tropical regions having similar symptoms especially among the febrile subjects. A descriptive hospital-based study was carried out among randomly selected 170 consenting febrile patients ((m= 92; f=78) age ranged <1 to 55 years (mean age=27.2) attending LAUTECH teaching hospital, Osogbo, between March 2015 and February 2016. The detection of Plasmodium parasites was screened by RDT and confirmed by microscopy while primary dengue virus detection was investigated using ELISA technique. The overall rate of 41.7% was obtained for P. falciparum while 1.8% was reported for dengue infection. Analysis by age and sex showed that the rate of P. falciparum was higher among male (42.0%) than female with highest rate (22.2%) was peaked among age range 16-25 years and 36-45 years respectively with no statistical associations (p = 0.469; OR =1.26, 95% CI 1.21-2.31). Infection rate for dengue was higher in females (2.6%) than males (1.2%) and found among age ranged of 16-25 and 26-35 years respectively. Also, dengue virus P. falciparum co-infection rate (0.6%) was found among participant age ranged 26-35 years. However, there were no statistical associations between age/sex in relation to dengue and malaria infections (p = 0.359; OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.34-2.66) in this study. This study reported high rates of dengue and malaria infections among the community dwellers. There is need to ascertain the actual seroprevalence of dengue and malaria infections among the febrile patients in rural and urban centers together with those accessing care in our healthcare facilities in Nigeria.