Browsing by Author "Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo"
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Item Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Industries(Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences: MIKAILALSYS, 2026-01-28) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Egbeleke, Tawakalit Adeola; Fashogbon, Racheal OluwayemisiMicrobial enzymes, produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, have emerged as indispensable biocatalysts across multiple industrial sectors due to their efficiency, versatility, and activity under diverse environmental conditions. This review aims to highlight the major industrial applications of microbial enzymes and synthesize evidence on their functional roles in contemporary bioprocesses. More than 80 published articles, textbooks, and newsletters were retrieved from reputable platforms, of which approximately 50 were selected for detailed analysis based on relevance and quality. The reviewed literature shows that enzymes now play critical roles in everyday life, with broad applications in medicine, pharmacy, environmental remediation, food processing, detergent manufacture, and energy production. In the detergent industry, amylases, lipases, and proteases are used to break down starch, fats, oils, and proteins, thereby enhancing washing efficiency. In the food sector, microbial enzymes support milk hydrolysis in cheese production, contributing to characteristic flavour development, and are widely employed in fruit juice clarification. In the energy sector, cellulases, xylanases, and lignin-degrading enzymes enable the breakdown of lignocellulosic substrates to release reducing sugars for biofuel production. Medically, L-asparaginase has been used in the treatment of leukaemia, while laccases are applied in the degradation of dyes and the reduction of chemical waste in environmental applications. The diversity of microbial sources allows these enzymes to function under extreme conditions, expanding their usability across varied industrial environments. Overall, the review concludes that microbial enzymes have extensive and growing industrial relevance, underscoring the need for continued research and development to optimize their production, stability, and application in sustainable biotechnological processes.Item Applications of Microbial Proteases: A Review(Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences: MIKAILALSYS, 2026-03-08) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Odeyale, Christiana IfyMicrobial proteases have attracted increasing attention as eco-friendly biocatalysts because of their broad functional versatility and advantages over proteases derived from plants and animals. This review examines the major sources, classification, production methods, and sectoral applications of microbial proteases. Produced by bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, microbial proteases are classified according to optimum pH range, catalytic mechanism, and site of action, and are commonly generated through submerged and solid-state fermentation. The review shows that these enzymes have diverse industrial applications in detergent, leather and tanning, food and dairy, brewing and beverage processing, and textile production. In medical and pharmaceutical contexts, microbial proteases are applied in wound debridement and healing, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. In agriculture, they support animal feed supplementation by improving protein digestion and function as biological control agents by disrupting pathogen attachment, penetration, and colonization of plant tissues. In the environmental sector, their applications include waste management, bioremediation, and the recycling of keratinous and other protein-rich wastes. Overall, this review underscores the wide-ranging utility of microbial proteases across industrial, medical, agricultural, and environmental sectors, highlighting their potential as sustainable biological agents for diverse biotechnological applications.Item Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Helianthus annuus leaf extracts and antibacterial potential against foodborne pathogens(Discover Chemistry, 2026-03-11) Fashogbon, Racheal Oluwayemisi; Adejoh, Olubunmi P.; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; James, Stephanie N.; Ajayi, Olutosin O; Adeyemi, Abiodun A.The synthesis of nanoparticles using biological substances, such as plants, has proven to be more beneficial, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. This study emphasised the green biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Helianthus annuus L. leaf extracts in ethyl acetate (AgNPEa) and methanol (AgNPM), along with antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The phytochemical analysis of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts was done. Characterization (UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD) and FTIR), antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the synthesised AgNPs were done. The two extracts showed no cardiac glycosides. A change in colour of the silver salt solution, showing a maximum UV-vis absorbance at 450 nm for AgNPMHa and 500 nm for AgNPEaHa. The SEM and TEM revealed a spherical shape having about 26.8 ± 9.4 nm and 22.3 ± 6.8 nm size. The EDX showed a high silver content of 69.35% in AgNPMHa and 72.40% in AgNPEaHa while XRD showed planes of pure silver ions. FTIR analysis the capping and stabilization of nanoparticle. Hydrogen peroxide, reducing power and total antioxidant activity increased dose-dependently (55 ± 23%, 63%, and 57% for AgNPEaHa and 57.03 ± 17%, 69.62 ± 21%, and 56% for AgNPMHa at 400ul) and both susceptible to Escherichia coli. The results confirmed that Helianthus annuus is a potential biomaterial for synthesizing AgNPs which can be exploited for its antioxidant and antibacterial activityItem Production of laccase by Pleurotus ostreatus through submerged fermentation and its decolourisation potential(Bulletins of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2026-02-20) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Abimbola, Muinat Titilope; Afolabi, Femi JohnsonLaccases are multicopper oxidase enzymes with significant industrial and environmental applications, including bioremediation and the degradation of textile dyes. This study investigated laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus using submerged fermentation and assessed its decolourisation potential. Lignocellulosic wastes, including sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, maize cob, conifer litters, and maize straw, were evaluated as substrates for laccase production. Parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, inoculum size, and incubation period were optimised. Enzyme activity was quantified using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as a substrate, characterised with respect to metal ions, pH, temperature, and time, and decolourisation ability was determined using various dyes. The highest laccase yield (435.04 µU/L) was recorded in a medium containing 1% of maize straw, supplemented with 1% glucose as the carbon source and 0.1% peptone as the nitrogen source, at an initial pH of 7.0, inoculated with four circular 7 mm Pleurotus ostreatus plugs, and incubated for 6 days. Metal ions affected laccase activity. Activity was stable across a wide pH range (3.6–9.5), with the highest activity recorded at pH 8.0. Laccase activity was also stable across temperatures (25–60℃) and time periods (10–60 minutes). Pleurotus ostreatus laccase decolourised malachite green and Leishman blue by 21.8% and 21.4%, respectively. Laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus was optimised through submerged fermentation, promoting the utilisation of agro-wastes and offering a scalable method for industrial enzyme production. Dyes were decolourised by laccase, demonstrating the enzyme’s potential and its application in the textile industry.