Browsing by Author "Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo"
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Item Amylase production by Streptomyces species and its application in orange juice clarification(Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 2026-01-13) Odjoji, Elizabeth Aghogho; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Alao, Olaoluwa Kehinde; Salawu, Kehinde Olamide; Dada, Micheal Tunde; Odeniyi, Olubusola Ayoola; Wakil, Sherifah MonilolaAmylases are enzymes that break down starch and help clarify fruit juices. This study focused on screening amylolytic Streptomyces spp. isolated from soil samples for their potential for amylase production and fruit juice clarification. Select organisms produced amylase, which was assayed by measuring the reducing sugar content of the fermentation medium. The effects of pH, carbon and nitrogen source, as well as agitation and incubation periods, were evaluated to optimize amylase synthesis. A total of 22 species were isolated, with five—FE4, ELI1, FL2, MS2, and MS5—demonstrating high amylase production ability, which occurred at a pH ranging from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. Cassava peels supported optimal amylase production in Streptomyces spp. A4 (0.834), ELI1 (0.910), and FE4 (0.814 U/mL). The maximum yield of 0.930 U/mL was observed with ELI1 when urea was used as the nitrogen source, at an agitation speed of 100–150 rpm, and peaking on the fourth day of fermentation. It was identified as S. griseoflavus ELI_1 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and submitted to the GenBank with accession number OQ930232. The amylase produced by it was partially purified, markedly increasing its specific activity from 1.50 to 4.56 U/mL. Its ability to clarify orange juice was tested; the turbidity reduced significantly by 16.8% after amylase treatment (p <0.05). Amylolytic Streptomyces spp. were isolated from soil samples, and their amylase yield was optimized. The Amylase of S. griseoflavus ELI_1 could optimally clarify orange juice.Item Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Industries(Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences: MIKAILALSYS, 2026-01-28) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Egbeleke, Tawakalit Adeola; Fashogbon, Racheal OluwayemisiMicrobial enzymes, produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, have emerged as indispensable biocatalysts across multiple industrial sectors due to their efficiency, versatility, and activity under diverse environmental conditions. This review aims to highlight the major industrial applications of microbial enzymes and synthesize evidence on their functional roles in contemporary bioprocesses. More than 80 published articles, textbooks, and newsletters were retrieved from reputable platforms, of which approximately 50 were selected for detailed analysis based on relevance and quality. The reviewed literature shows that enzymes now play critical roles in everyday life, with broad applications in medicine, pharmacy, environmental remediation, food processing, detergent manufacture, and energy production. In the detergent industry, amylases, lipases, and proteases are used to break down starch, fats, oils, and proteins, thereby enhancing washing efficiency. In the food sector, microbial enzymes support milk hydrolysis in cheese production, contributing to characteristic flavour development, and are widely employed in fruit juice clarification. In the energy sector, cellulases, xylanases, and lignin-degrading enzymes enable the breakdown of lignocellulosic substrates to release reducing sugars for biofuel production. Medically, L-asparaginase has been used in the treatment of leukaemia, while laccases are applied in the degradation of dyes and the reduction of chemical waste in environmental applications. The diversity of microbial sources allows these enzymes to function under extreme conditions, expanding their usability across varied industrial environments. Overall, the review concludes that microbial enzymes have extensive and growing industrial relevance, underscoring the need for continued research and development to optimize their production, stability, and application in sustainable biotechnological processes.Item Applications of Microbial Proteases: A Review(Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences: MIKAILALSYS, 2026-03-08) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Odeyale, Christiana IfyMicrobial proteases have attracted increasing attention as eco-friendly biocatalysts because of their broad functional versatility and advantages over proteases derived from plants and animals. This review examines the major sources, classification, production methods, and sectoral applications of microbial proteases. Produced by bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, microbial proteases are classified according to optimum pH range, catalytic mechanism, and site of action, and are commonly generated through submerged and solid-state fermentation. The review shows that these enzymes have diverse industrial applications in detergent, leather and tanning, food and dairy, brewing and beverage processing, and textile production. In medical and pharmaceutical contexts, microbial proteases are applied in wound debridement and healing, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. In agriculture, they support animal feed supplementation by improving protein digestion and function as biological control agents by disrupting pathogen attachment, penetration, and colonization of plant tissues. In the environmental sector, their applications include waste management, bioremediation, and the recycling of keratinous and other protein-rich wastes. Overall, this review underscores the wide-ranging utility of microbial proteases across industrial, medical, agricultural, and environmental sectors, highlighting their potential as sustainable biological agents for diverse biotechnological applications.Item Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Helianthus annuus leaf extracts and antibacterial potential against foodborne pathogens(Discover Chemistry, 2026-03-11) Fashogbon, Racheal Oluwayemisi; Adejoh, Olubunmi P.; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; James, Stephanie N.; Ajayi, Olutosin O; Adeyemi, Abiodun A.The synthesis of nanoparticles using biological substances, such as plants, has proven to be more beneficial, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. This study emphasised the green biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Helianthus annuus L. leaf extracts in ethyl acetate (AgNPEa) and methanol (AgNPM), along with antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The phytochemical analysis of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts was done. Characterization (UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD) and FTIR), antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the synthesised AgNPs were done. The two extracts showed no cardiac glycosides. A change in colour of the silver salt solution, showing a maximum UV-vis absorbance at 450 nm for AgNPMHa and 500 nm for AgNPEaHa. The SEM and TEM revealed a spherical shape having about 26.8 ± 9.4 nm and 22.3 ± 6.8 nm size. The EDX showed a high silver content of 69.35% in AgNPMHa and 72.40% in AgNPEaHa while XRD showed planes of pure silver ions. FTIR analysis the capping and stabilization of nanoparticle. Hydrogen peroxide, reducing power and total antioxidant activity increased dose-dependently (55 ± 23%, 63%, and 57% for AgNPEaHa and 57.03 ± 17%, 69.62 ± 21%, and 56% for AgNPMHa at 400ul) and both susceptible to Escherichia coli. The results confirmed that Helianthus annuus is a potential biomaterial for synthesizing AgNPs which can be exploited for its antioxidant and antibacterial activityItem Degradation of lignocellulosic substrates by Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus(Conscientia Beam, 2023-05-08) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Alao, Olaoluwa KehindeLignocellulosic substrates are wastes in the environment whose reducing sugars are not readily available for use. Biological pretreatment is the use of microorganisms and/or their metabolites to break down substrates to obtain simple sugars which is also cheap compared with other pretreatment techniques. This work is aimed at degrading lignocellulosic substrates with higher mushrooms to obtain simple sugars that could be used as raw materials for other industrial processes. The two mushrooms [Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Lentinus squarrosulus (LS)] with the ability to produce cellulase, xylanase, and lignase were used for degradation of lignocellulosic substrates [groundnut shell (GS), maize cob (MC), maize straw (MS), rice straw (RS) and sugarcane bagasse (SB)]. The residual extractives, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and reducing sugar contents were determined every 7 days. Least extractives (1.12 %), hemicellulose (15.09 %), lignin (17.60 %), and cellulose (5.60 %) were recorded in PO-degraded MS, POLS-degraded GS, LS-degraded GS, and PO-degraded MS at 28, 35, 49 and 42 days of degradation, respectively. The highest reducing sugar contents (mg/g) obtained in GS (11.83), MS (27.03), SB (28.70), and RS (37.96) were recorded when degraded by PO for 49, 14, 7, and 49 days, respectively while that of MC (13.32) was recorded when degraded by LS for 42 days. Reducing sugar obtained was higher from sole degradation with PO compared with LS and POLS. Degraded MS, RS, and SB had better yield of reducing sugar than GS and MC. The amount of reducing sugar released varied with substrates, organisms, and degradation time.Item Ethnomycology of Pleurotus tuber-regium and its use in food, medicine and bioremediation(Botanica, 2026-12-05) Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Babaniyi, Raphael Babafemi; Obagunwa, Monday; Onile, Faith Olu; Ajagun, Ebele Joan; Oyedele, Olusegun Julius; Fasiku, Samuel AdedayoPleurotus tuber-regium is a mushroom of the Pleurotaceae family, native to tropical Africa and the Australasia-Pacific region. It grows on the dead or decaying wood of certain trees such as Daniellia oliviera, Terminalia superba and Blighia sapida. Pleurotus tuber-regium is the only species of oyster mushroom that produces sclerotium. In traditional African medicine, the sclerotium is used to treat various ailments such as headaches, skin diseases and diabetes. The fruiting body and sclerotium are edible and contain essential amino acids such as methionine, lysine and tryptophan. Polysaccharides from Pleurotus tuber-regium show promise in delaying the progression and complications of diabetes in insulin-resistant rats due to pleuturegin, a ribosome-inactivating protein. It has anti-tumour, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolaemic, antihypertensive, antihyperglycaemic, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Pleurotus tuber-regium has been used in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. The fungus releases microdroplets toxic to nematodes, indicating potential for soil pest control. Pseudomonas tolaasii and Lycoriella solani are among the organisms that infect Pleurotus tuber-regium during cultivation. This review discusses the ethnomycology of Pleurotus tuber-regium and its uses in food, medicine and bioremediation.Item FORTIFICATION OF BREAD WITH THE SCLEROTIA OF PLEUROTUS TUBERREGIUM(Food and Environment Safety Journal, 2026-03-31) Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Jegede, Oluwafemi Victor; Babaniyi, Babafemi Raphael; Fashogbon, Racheal Oluwayemisi; Fasiku, Samuel AdedayoBread is a staple food in most parts of the world. In Nigeria, it is the second most consumed food after rice. However, grains used in the production of bread, such as wheat, millet, maize, and others, are known to be poor in protein; therefore, bread is also low in protein content. This study aimed to supplement wheat flour with flour made from the sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium to enhance the nutritional value of bread. Wheat flour was supplemented with different concentrations of Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium flour (5-25%), while 100% wheat and 100% flour served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Evaluations such as dough rising, product weight, sensory parameters, and proximate composition were carried out. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and the Spearman correlation coefficient. The supplementation negatively affected the rising of the dough from 1.2 (5% supplementation) to 0.4 (25% supplementation) after 25 minutes of incubation, but positively influenced the weight of the products from 348 g (non-supplemented sample) to 495 g (100% sclerotium flour). The bread with the lowest level of supplementation (5%) had the highest acceptability (5.31); however, further increases in supplementation reduced acceptability. The supplementation improved the protein, fat, and ash contents, and decreased the moisture, crude fibre, and carbohydrate contents of the bread. Overall, the supplementation appeared to improve the nutritional composition of the bread while also enhancing its shelf stability, as moisture content decreased with higher supplementation. Additionally, it suggests a viable use of the sclerotium in producing composite flour for bread making.Item Isolation and identification of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria from fermented cucumber(Academic Journals, 2014-06-18) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Laba, S A; Fasiku, Samuel AdedayoLactic acid bacteria (LAB) responsible for spontaneous fermentation of cucumber were isolated and their antimicrobial producing potentials were screened against 10 indicator strains. 65% of the isolated LAB produced antimicrobial activities against at least two indicator strains. The indicator strains used were: Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, B. cereus, Proteus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Pseudomonas flourescence, P. aeruginosa, Serratia species and Pediococcus acidilactici. Of the 42 antimicrobial producing isolates characterized, 16, 12, 6 and 8 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, L. acidophillus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, respectively. Highest lactic acid producers DW7, DT6, DH13 and DF12 were selected for further investigations and were identified as L. plantarum. None of the selected L. plantarum isolates had antagonistic activity against S. aureus, Salmonella species and P. acidilactici. The effect of pH and temperature on the antimicrobial activity of selected isolates showed that pH 5.5 and temperature 30°C were the optimum pH and temperature respectively. Thus, the selected L. plantarum isolates are good producers of antimicrobial compounds and could be suitable for application in food industry in preservation of vegetables so as to increase their shelf life.Item Isolation and identification of thermophilic cellulolytic yeast from cassava waste dump(Journal of Science Research, 2015) Onilude, A A; Adekoya A O; Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Ja'afaru, I MCellulase is an enzyme complex which breaks down cellulose to glucose. The need for economical, complete and fast industrial processes necessitates the use of very active starters able to operate at high temperature of production to degrade cheap nutrients most of which are cellulolytic; hence the search for thermophilic cellulolytic yeasts from the environment. Isolation and identification of thermophilic yeasts were made from the soil samples using standard procedures and obtained isolates were screened for cellulolytic enzymes production. The enzymes were characterised using different parameters such as temperature, pH, substrate concentrations, enzyme concentrations and metal ion concentrations. A total of seven thermophilic yeasts were isolated from cassava waste dump sites and identified as Torulopis sphaerica, Kloeckera apiculata, Pichia canadensis, Pichia species, Candida krusei, Candida utilis and Rodotorula rubra. They all had optimum growth at temperature and pH of 55ºC and 6.0 respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for cellulolytic activities ranged from 45-55ºC and 5-6 respectively. Cellulolytic activities increased with increase in the concentration of substrate, enzymes and metal ions.Item Isolation of Bacteria with Potential of Producing Extracellular Enzymes (Amylase, Cellulase and Protease) from Soil Samples(Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 2020-03-17) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Ogunsola, Olaolu Fikayo; Fakunle, Adeola; Olanbiwoninu, Afolake AtinukeAmylase, cellulase and protease are known for hydrolyzing starch, cellulose and protein respectively and these enzymes can be produced by microorganisms. A single bacterium with potential of producing amylase, cellulase and protease will be an organism of high industrial value. This work aimed at isolating bacteria that will be able to produce three extracellular enzymes (amylase, cellulase and protease). Soil samples were collected from eight different locations within Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo Town, Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated from these soil samples and were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics. Isolated bacteria were screened for their ability to produce amylase, cellulase and protease on plate and enzymes’ relative activities on plate were determined. Forty two bacteria were isolated from soil samples and identified to belong to the Genera Bacillus (30), Enterobacter (6), Klebsiella (3) and Staphylococcus (3). Eight (19%), Eleven (26%) and Nineteen (45%) out of 42 isolated bacteria were able to produce amylase, cellulase and protease on plate with relative activities ranging from 1.25 – 2.88, 1.39 – 4.50 and 1.13 – 5.17 respectively. All the eight amylolytic isolates (Bacillus species (5) and Enterobacter species (3)) were able to produce the three enzymes (amylase, cellulase and protease). Conclusion: Eight bacteria with ability to produce three enzymes (amylase, cellulase and protease) were isolated from soil samples and could be further employed in enzyme-producing industries.Item Microbial Insecticides in Sustainable Agriculture: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects(Ajayi Crowther Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2026-05-04) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Akagbosu, Adesuwa Oluwatofunmi; Afolabi, Femi Johnson; Afariogun, Moses SundayThe current research work examines microbial insecticides as potential and sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides for agricultural pest management. The development, mechanisms, and use of bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan pesticides are studied with particular attention to mode of action and specificity. The review explains that toxins produced by important bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), damage cells, and toxins from fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana, penetrate and colonise insects, rendering them ineffective. Microbial pesticides have many advantages, including negligible pollution, safety to non-target organisms, and a low likelihood of pest resistance development. Microbial insecticides are complex in nature but degrade rapidly. The review also covers production methods, application techniques, and quality control measures needed for effective use in integrated pest management. Although microbial pesticides can be an environmentally sound solution for sustainable agriculture, their use must be designed taking into consideration the formulation, application, and environmental conditions.Item Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Surveillance of Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Beef and Frozen Poultry Meat (Chicken)(Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 2020-03-21) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Olayiwola, John Olusola; Babayemi, Emmanuel Oluwasegun; Lasekan, Omorinsola Tolulope; Olanbiwoninu, Afolake AtinukeOxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) associated with beef and frozen chicken is a threat to public health because of the potential ability of them being multiple antibiotics resistant. The aim of this study is therefore to isolate, determine the susceptibility of S. aureus to oxacillin and subsequently other antibiotics so as to establish their antibiotic profiles. Beef meat (20) and frozen chicken (20) samples were collected from different markets and restaurants in Oyo town, Oyo state, Nigeria. S. aureus was isolated from these samples using Mannitol Salt Agar and pure culture obtained. Pure culture of isolates was characterized and identified based on morphological, biochemical properties and were further subjected to susceptibility to oxacillin and other antibiotics. Eighty S. aureus were isolated from beef meat and frozen chicken with occurrence of 34 and 46 respectively. Twenty five out of the 80 isolates were susceptible to oxacillin and termed as oxacillin susceptible S. aureus (OSSA) while 55 were resistant to oxacillin and termed as oxacillin resistant S. aureus (ORSA). S. aureus (ORSA and OSSA) from beef are susceptible (˃ 80%) to augmentin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, cefuroxime and erythromycin. However, rate of resistance of ORSA to ceftazidime and cloxacillin was high (˃ 70%). The susceptibility rate among the ORSA and OSSA isolates from chicken is also slight high with minimum of 71% for ofloxacin. The overall antibiotic profiling revealed that cefuroxime, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ofloxacin and augmentin are viable antibiotics. Food products remain a potential interface in the transmission of Staphylococcus species and therefore there is constant need for the surveillance and subsequently recommendation on the good hygiene practice.Item Optimisation of laccase production by Curvularia verruculosa UDY through solid-state fermentation using response surface methodology(Discovery, 2026-04-07) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Oladunni, Atilade Amos; Fasiku, Taiwo Bukola; Ernest, Godswill Uduak; Adeogun, Opeyemi Janet; Afolabi, Femi JohnsonLaccases are multicopper oxidase enzymes with significant industrial and environmental applications, including bioremediation, textile dye degradation, and biosensor development. This study aimed to optimise laccase production under solid-state fermentation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and to utilise the produced laccase for dye decolourisation. The laccase-producing fungus was molecularly identified. Parameters, including incubation period, pH, substrate concentration, inoculum size, and carbon sources, were optimised using RSM. The model equation was generated using Design Expert, and the model's statistical significance was evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Laccase was quantified using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as a substrate. The effect of environmental conditions on laccase activity was determined, and the enzyme was used to decolourise dyes. The laccase-producing fungus was identified as Curvularia verruculosa UDY (accession number PV669996). The optimum laccase yield (735 µU/L) was observed with sugarcane bagasse as the substrate on a basal medium containing a glucose carbon source, at an initial pH of 3, with an inoculum size of 2 fungal plugs, over a fermentation period of 10.5 days. All cations tested enhanced laccase activity, with Mn²⁺ producing the greatest stimulation (1056 µU/mL). At various pH levels, the highest laccase activity (898 µU/mL) of C. verruculosa UDY was observed at pH 9.5, while activity at different temperatures peaked (943 µU/mL) at 60°C after 40 min. Laccase decolourised Congo red by 22% within 2 hours. The production of laccase by C. verruculosa UDY through solid-state fermentation was optimised. Cations, pH, temperature, and time affected laccase activity, and the produced laccase decolourised dyes, which could promote the utilisation of agrowastes for industrial enzyme production as well as laccase decolourisation application in the textile industry.Item PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL EVALUATIONS OF DIFFERENT FISH PONDS’ WASTEWATERS AND THE ANTIBIOTICS PROFILES OF ISOLATED BACTERIA(Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management, 2020-08-06) Adebami, Gboyega Ebenezer; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Solomon, O D; Babalola B AAquaculture is a global practice that entails the breeding of different fish species. It is incessant in the Nigerian community as wastewater released from pond farms into surrounding drainages and water bodies cause pollution. In this study, a comparative analysis of the physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and microbial evaluation of wastewater samples from concrete, plastic, wooden and earthen fish ponds located in Ogun and Lagos states followed with antibiotics sensitivity profile of the isolates were investigated. The values of temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, DO and BOD of the wastewaters ranged from 23.83 – 24.67 °C, 6.57 – 9.68, 0.08 – 0.26 ppt, 65.67 – 200.7 µS/cm, 0.67 – 1.63 mg/L and 36.67 – 253.3 mg/L, respectively. Aerobic plate count and coliform count of bacteria isolated from different fish ponds wastewaters ranged from 6.40x105 to 4.20x106 cfu/mL and 2.80x103 to 1.98x105 cfu/mL, respectively. Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp., and Micrococcus spp., Aeromonas spp., Chromobacterium spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp. Listeria spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Providencia sp., Shigella sp., and Salmonella spp. were isolated from different ponds wastewaters. All selected bacterial isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin with the exception of Streptococcus sp., Chromobacterium sp. and Providencia sp. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria showed that most of the isolates had very high rate of resistance to the common antibiotics which could pose danger to the environment. The results obtained from this study suggests that control of wastewater release from fishpond farms to environment is necessary in other to maintain a stable environment, thereby reducing pollution.Item Pretreatment of maize straw with Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus for bioethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2021-12-18) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Wakil, Sherifah MonilolaMaize straw (MS) is a lignocellulosic substrate that constitutes huge wastes in the environment. This work aimed to pretreat MS with mushroom alone as a biological agent, and with NaOH prior to mushroom treatment (combined chemical and biological), and subsequently converting the released reducing sugars (RS) to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MS was degraded by Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Lentinus squarrosulus singly and in combination for 35 d. Samples were collected every 7 d from the treated straw to determine the RS content. Moreover, MS samples were pretreated with NaOH prior to degradation by the selected mushroom (combined pretreatment), and then their sugar profiles were determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The RS recovered from the degraded MS samples were fermented using 2 molecularly-identified S. cerevisiae strains. The highest RS contents (16.79 mg/ g) were recorded when MS was pre-degraded by PO for 21 d compared to Lentinus squarrosulus (16.55 mg/ g), and with the consortium of the two fungal cultures (16.36 mg/ g). However, MS pretreated with NaOH and Pleurotus ostreatus gave better yield of RS (17.38 mg/ g), than treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus (16.79 mg/ g) alone. The sugar profiles of the NaOH-PO-pretreated MS (mg/ 100 g) included; glucose (850.60); xylose (837.04), fructose (754.29), arabinose (502.76), ribose (2.066×10-4) and rhamnose (3.552×10-5). The fermenting yeasts were molecularly identified by sequencing of ITS region as S. cerevisiae SA01 and S. cerevisiae SA02, and assigned Accession no. of MK038975 and MN491900, respectively. Equal concentration of bioethanol (1.58 g/ l) was recorded in PO and in NaOH-PO-pretreated MS, which were fermented by S. cerevisiae SA01. Accordingly, MS can be utilized as a substrate for fermentation and then bioethanol production.Item Production of bacterial amylases and cellulases using sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas. (L.) Lam.) peels(Academic Journals, 2015-10) Olanbiwoninu, Afolake Atinuke; Fasiku, Samuel AdedayoPeels of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) were buried in the soil for 14 days and the isolates associated with the degradation of the peels were obtained using standard microbiological procedures. The bacterial isolates obtained were screened for amylolytic and cellulolytic activities under different pH and temperatures as parameters and optimized for enzyme production. Sixteen (16) bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized and screened for amylase and cellulase production. Bacillus pumilus has the highest frequency of occurrence (18.75%) followed by B. subtilis (12.50%). After 24 to 48 h of incubation, B. pumilus produced highest concentration of amylase at 55°C, pH 6 (5.4 U/mL) while B. subtilis had the best cellulase production of 0.75 U/mL at 55°C, pH 7. B. pumilus and Bacillus subtilis produced the highest amylase and cellulase concentrations and seem to be the potential sources of these enzymes for industrial application.Item Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Materials(Science Association of Nigeria, 2017-07-14) Wakil, S M; Aladekoyi, O J; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Adenipekun, C OThe work is at investigated the potential of cheap raw materials as substrates (sawdust, rice straw and maize straw) for the production of bioethanol. Lignocellulosic substrates were hydrolysed using Pleurotus tuber-regium for 42 days. Samples were taken every 14 days and production of lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, pH, reducing sugar and total solids were determined. Hydrolysates of lignocellulosic substrates were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Baker's yeast for 10 days in with pH, reducing sugar and ethanol content determined at 2 days interval. Effect of supplementation (maize pomace and corn steep liquor) on pH, reducing sugar and production of ethanol were determined every 2 days for 10 days. Significant decrease in lignin and cellulose content was recorded in some samples while the hemicellulose content decreased in all the samples hydrolysed with increase in incubation time. Sawdust from Amphimas pterocarpoides (SD1) and Rice straw (RS) had highest (21.50%) and lowest (5.94%) lignin content respectively. Maize Straw (MS) had the highest hemicellulose content (25.37%) and lowest cellulose content (42.90%). Total solid significantly increased with increase in incubation time. The highest ethanol content (1.8%) was recorded on the 2nd day of fermentation in filtrates from unsupplemented substrates (sawdust from Ceiba pentandra (SD2) and Maize straw) fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanol production was higher in unsupplemented substrates (1.8%) than supplemented substrate (0.9%). Reducing sugar and pH decreased with increase in fermentation time. Substrate supplemented with corn steep liquor produced higher quantity of ethanol than substrates supplemented with maize pomace. Hydrolysates from untreated maize straw (MS) fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Baker's yeast and the coinoculation of both within the range of 3.7 – 6.0 for 2 days can be used for bioethanol production. Likewise, filtrates from treated sawdust from Ceiba pentandra (SD2) fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Baker's yeast and the co-inoculation of both within the pH range of 4.3 – 5.4 for 2 days can also be used for bioethanol production but appreciable quantity can be produced from untreated (autoclaved)MS with Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Baker's yeast)only.Item Production of Bioethanol from Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Starter Cultures(New York Science Journal, 2013) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Adelabu, Adebola Blessing; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Onilude, Anthony AbiodunPalm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) has great potential as a substrate for acetone, butanol and ethanol fermentation because it contains a mixture of carbohydrates including starch, hemicellulose, sucrose and other carbohydrates that can be utilized by microorganisms. Hence microorganisms were isolated from spontaneously fermenting POME, the predominant strains were selected as starters and the effect of starters singly and in combination for bioethanol production was evaluated/determined. POME was spontaneously fermented for 21 days from which samples were taken every 3 days for analyses of pH, microbial quality, ethanol content, free fatty acid and lipase activity. Microorganisms isolated were characterized and identified. Moulds isolated were strains of Aspergillus and Penicillum genera, yeast were Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp., while bacteria were strains of Bacillus spp. and Micrococus sp. Sterile palm oil mill effluent was fermented with the starter cultures for 12 days and analyzed every 3 days for bioethanol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while used singly, produced the highest bioethanol (3.70%) concentration. Statistical analysis shows that bioethanol and percentage free fatty acid production by single and combined starter fermented POME is significantly different (P≤0.05) while lipase production was not significantly different (P≥0.05). The study reveals that fermentation of POME for 12days at room temperature (30+20C) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae singly gives the highest bioethanol concentration. Therefore, the use of starter cultures for fermentation of POME for the production of bioethanol is a potential solution for the control of pollution generated from the annual disposal of POMEItem Production of Bioethanol from Spontaneous Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)(Researher, 2013) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Adelabu, Adebola Blessing; Onilude, Anthony AbiodunThe feasibility of bioethanol production from spontaneous fermentation of palm oil mill effluent was carried out. Cooled POME (1.5L) was allowed to ferment spontaneously for 21 days for analysis of microbial quality, free fatty acid, lipase activity and ethanol contents. Effect of pH and supplementation on ethanol and other parameters were also determined every 3 days for 21 days. Ethanol content increased as the concentration of glucose increased and highest ethanol content (0.9%) was recorded at 25g/L and 30g/L of glucose in POME. Sugar cane bagasse supplementation had highest ethanol content (0.9%) at 20g/L and 30g/L thereafter decreased as its supplementation increased. Corn steep liquor supplementation did not have any effect on ethanol production from POME. Fermented POME supplemented with corn steep liquor had the highest lipase activity (0.00756μg/ml/day) and free fatty acid (2.561%) at 150ml/L. POME supplemented with 30g/L glucose and 30g/L sugar cane bagasse had the highest record of ethanol content (2.3%) at pH of 8.5 with highest free fatty acid (5.029%) at pH 6.5 on the 12th day of fermentation and highest lipase activity (0.03200μg/ml/day) was recorded at pH 6.5 on the 3rd day of fermentation. A relative high bioethanol can be produced by spontaneously fermenting POME with addition of 30g/L of glucose and 30g/L of sugar cane bagasse for 12 days at pH of 8.5Item Production of laccase by Pleurotus ostreatus through submerged fermentation and its decolourisation potential(Bulletins of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2026-02-20) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Abimbola, Muinat Titilope; Afolabi, Femi JohnsonLaccases are multicopper oxidase enzymes with significant industrial and environmental applications, including bioremediation and the degradation of textile dyes. This study investigated laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus using submerged fermentation and assessed its decolourisation potential. Lignocellulosic wastes, including sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, maize cob, conifer litters, and maize straw, were evaluated as substrates for laccase production. Parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, inoculum size, and incubation period were optimised. Enzyme activity was quantified using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as a substrate, characterised with respect to metal ions, pH, temperature, and time, and decolourisation ability was determined using various dyes. The highest laccase yield (435.04 µU/L) was recorded in a medium containing 1% of maize straw, supplemented with 1% glucose as the carbon source and 0.1% peptone as the nitrogen source, at an initial pH of 7.0, inoculated with four circular 7 mm Pleurotus ostreatus plugs, and incubated for 6 days. Metal ions affected laccase activity. Activity was stable across a wide pH range (3.6–9.5), with the highest activity recorded at pH 8.0. Laccase activity was also stable across temperatures (25–60℃) and time periods (10–60 minutes). Pleurotus ostreatus laccase decolourised malachite green and Leishman blue by 21.8% and 21.4%, respectively. Laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus was optimised through submerged fermentation, promoting the utilisation of agro-wastes and offering a scalable method for industrial enzyme production. Dyes were decolourised by laccase, demonstrating the enzyme’s potential and its application in the textile industry.