Browsing by Author "Fasola, Taiye Remi"
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Item AFRICAN BLACK LIQUID SOAP: ANTIFUNGAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES(Agriculture environnement et sciences de l’ingénieur, 2020-11-04) Fasola, Taiye Remi; Aponmade, Abimbola Elizabeth; Aponjolosun, Babalola SundaySynthetic soaps are associated with health challenges such as skin irritation and toxicity when compared with organic soaps. Thus, liquid soap was produced, fortified with and without essential oils from two botanicals, tested on four fungi and their physicochemical properties compared. Dirty dish water samples were collected from four cafeterias in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Fungal isolation from the water samples was done using pour plate method with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), incubated at room temperature for 7 days, from which their pure culture were identified. The soap was produced and divided into two portions. Essential oils from freshly collected leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus were extracted through hydro-distillation and introduced into a portion of the soap. The identified fungi were cultured on sterile PDA plates containing different volumes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mL) of the soap with and without the essential oils. The experiment was done in triplicates while the fungi cultured on PDA plates without soap served as controls. The physicochemical properties of soap with and without the essential oils were also compared. All data were analysed using ANOVA on R-programming (version 3.5) and the means were separated using DMRT. The isolated fungi were Penicillum sp., P. notatum, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The soaps had significant antifungal activity on all the four fungi (p<0.05) at all volumes. The fungal mycelia growth decreased with the addition of soaps with and without essential oils. The addition of the essential oils to the soaps did not chemically denature nor alter its high cleansing effect when used in washing dirty dishes. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the physicochemical properties of the soaps with and without essential oils. The organic liquid soap showed antifungal activity and acceptable physiochemical properties.Item Ethnobotanical Survey of Dacryodes edulis and Anacardium occidentale in Ibadan(Ajayi Crowther J. Pure Appl. Sci., 2026-05-02) Aponjolosun, Babalola Sunday; Fasola, Taiye RemiMedicinal plants have provided therapeutic benefits to humans and animals since their existence. Ethnobotanical surveys have provided crucial information for the historical, scientific, and pharmaceutical sectors. Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State, is an ancient and indigenous city in southwestern Nigeria, deeply rooted in Yoruba history and tradition. As one of the largest and oldest cities in West Africa, Ibadan serves as a cultural hub where traditional knowledge systems—especially those related to plant use—are actively preserved and practiced. Its rich ethnobotanical heritage, diverse population, and proximity to rural farming communities make it an ideal setting for studying the traditional uses of African pear (Dacryodes edulis) and cashew (Anacardium occidentale). Therefore, this study focused on the familiarity and medicinal uses of D. edulis and A. occidentale in Ibadan. A survey on the medicinal uses and preparations of the plants was conducted in five local government areas in Ibadan, including the main herbal market (Bode). Structured questionnaires, coupled with oral interviews where necessary, were used. Two hundred respondents–civil servants, artisans, students, herb sellers, and herbalists– were analysed. The age group 21–29 years was 55%, while the 50 years and above group was 10%. On average, 81% had a tertiary education, and 1.5% was uneducated. Also, 61.5% obtained general knowledge about plant medicinal uses from relatives, 1% from apprenticeship, while 38% from friends, schools, self-trial, books, and the internet. The respondents were more familiar with the medicinal uses of A. occidentale (80%) than D. edulis (10%). The study documented some of their traditional medicinal uses, such as treating dermatitis, malaria, and typhoid. These claims may stimulate more scientific research on the plants.Item Evaluation of Dacryodes edulis Cream Formulations Against Some Causative Agents of Skin Infection(Trends in Natural Products Research, 2024) Aponjolosun, Babalola Sunday; Ajala, Tolulope Omolola; Fasola, Taiye RemiDacryodes edulis is traditionally used in treating skin infections, wounds, parasitic worms, acute malaria, elephantiasis, and as an astringent. The global integration of medicinal plants into new pharmaceutical products is significantly increasing for improved health and wellbeing of man. This study formulated creams from the leaf extract of D. edulis following standard procedures and assessed the organoleptic properties, density, extruding time, spreading time, pH, diffusion rate, globule size, viscosity, antimicrobial, stability, and sub-acute toxicity using mice. The smooth formulated creams vary from light green to dark green in colour with density of 0.90 ± 0.02 to 0.95 ± 0.02 g/cm , extruding time of 5.57 ± 0.64 to 5.87 ± 0.78 sec, spreading time of 6.09 ± 0.07 to 7.49 ± 0.05 sec, pH of 3.46 ± 0.09 to 4.52 ± 0.08, diffusion rate of 1.58 to 3.33 mm/hr, globule size of 29.12 ± 15.00 to 53.21 ± 35.02 μm, and viscosity of 360.00 ± 16.33 to 1815.00 ± 148.49 mPa-s. The microbial inhibition zones (mm) were 11.0 ± 1.0 to 27.0 ± 1.0 for bacteria and 15.7 ± 0.6 to 22.0 ± 2.0 for fungi. The creams were stable at a lower temperature (29 ± 4 oC) for 120 days. The skin of the mice showed no oedema or erythema when the cream formulations were applied. FDe1 had completely acceptable physicochemical properties, active against some microorganisms causing skin infections, and could be improved for commercial application.Item Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) stem bark extracts: Toxicity and Free radical scavenging activity(Academia Arena, 2014) Fasola, Taiye Remi; Oloyede, Ganiyat Kehinde; Aponjolosun, Babalola SundayFree radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various physiological and pathological situations. They are capable of damaging DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids which are generally in aerobic organisms. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the lethal dose (LC50) and investigating the effect of solvents of different polarity on free radical scavenging activity of Nigerian specie of Psidium guajava stem bark using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The crude methanol extract of P. guajava (CMEPG) stem bark was partitioned using hexane (HEFPG), ethyl acetate (EAFPG), butanol (BUFPG) and water (AQFPG). Free radical scavenging activities of CMEPG and the partitioned extracts were tested on 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical generated from Hydrogen Peroxide (H O ). Their activities were compared with 22 known antioxidant standards; ascorbic acid (ASCAD), butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) and alpha-tocopherol (α-TOCO). The highest percentage inhibition was observed in HEFPG (97.39%) and BUFPG (96.50%) at 1.0 mg/ml in the DPPH test. BUFPG also scavenged hydroxyl radical generated from H2O2 better than CMEPG and other extracts. CMEPG had a percentage inhibition of 98.91% which is comparable to α−TOCO having 99.86% inhibition at 0.1 mg/ml. Brine shrimp lethality test was carried out to investigate the toxicity of P. guajava to lower animals and the result revealed that HEFPG was the most toxic with LC50 value of 41.7170 µg/ml while AQFPG with LC50 greater than 1,000 was non-toxic. Thus, Psidium guajava grown in Nigeria is a promising antioxidant agent.Item Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Toxicity Assessment of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don.) H. J. Lam Leaf Extracts(Afr. J. Biomed. Res., 2022-01) Aponjolosun, Babalola Sunday; Fasola, Taiye RemiThe leaf of Dacryodes edulis is traditionally used for dressing bruises and wounds; treating diarrhea, dysentery, toothache, gum problems, and tonsillitis. Some of these uses have not been screened scientifically to know its efficacy and safety in consumption. Therefore, this research focused on antimicrobial ability of D. edulis leaf on some selected microorganisms and its toxicity evaluation. The leaf of D. edulis was extracted with methanol and successively partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Each of the extracts was screened for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. They were also tested on twelve microorganisms using standard techniques. Based on performance, acute toxicity test of extracts was conducted on male Wistar rats following standard procedures. Their excised kidneys and livers were histologically examined. Both the leaf methanol extract and fractions contained tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and cardiac glycosides. The ethyl acetate fraction showed significant zones of inhibition for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens (29, 28, 25, 20 mm, respectively), while the water fraction had 20 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some fractions of the leaf also inhibited Trichophyton metagrophytes, Cladosporium herbarum and Trichoderma species. None of the rats died during the study and the histology of their livers and kidneys showed no lesions at 2900 mg/kg dose. The phytochemical constituents and antibacterial effectiveness of D. edulis leaf extracts supported some traditional uses, while non-toxicity of the leaf extracts showed their safety for use.Item Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Toxicity Evaluation of Anacardium occidentale Linn. Leaf Extracts(Trop J Nat Prod Res, 2020) Aponjolosun, Babalola Sunday; Fasola, Taiye RemiAnacardium occidentale is used ethno-medicinally in the treatment of cold, cough, toothaches, gum problems, sore throat, bronchitis, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids, diabetes, malaria, rheumatism, arthritis, corns, leprosy and some skin ailments. However, there is dearth of information on their uses scientifically. Thus, this study investigated the phytochemical components, antimicrobial activity and toxicity of A. occidentale leaf extracts. The leaf of A. occidentale was extracted with methanol and consecutively fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The methanol extract and fractions were quantitatively screened for phytochemical constituents and tested against selected microorganisms using standard procedures. Acute toxicity tests of the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were done on Wistar rats. The kidneys and livers of the rats were histologically examined. Anacardium occidentale methanol extract had the highest amount of phenolics (98.30 ± 0.15 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) while the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest amount of anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The butanol fraction had highest saponin and tannin contents, while the aqueous fraction had highest steroids, terpenoids and carotenoids contents. The inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranged from 15.0 mm to 19.0 mm inhibitory zone diameter at 100 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were not toxic to the rats at 2,900 mg/kg dose. Consequently, A. occidentale leaf extracts were rich in phytochemicals, had antimicrobial activity and safe for use.