Browsing by Author "Wakil, Sherifah Monilola"
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Item Amylase production by Streptomyces species and its application in orange juice clarification(Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 2026-01-13) Odjoji, Elizabeth Aghogho; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Alao, Olaoluwa Kehinde; Salawu, Kehinde Olamide; Dada, Micheal Tunde; Odeniyi, Olubusola Ayoola; Wakil, Sherifah MonilolaAmylases are enzymes that break down starch and help clarify fruit juices. This study focused on screening amylolytic Streptomyces spp. isolated from soil samples for their potential for amylase production and fruit juice clarification. Select organisms produced amylase, which was assayed by measuring the reducing sugar content of the fermentation medium. The effects of pH, carbon and nitrogen source, as well as agitation and incubation periods, were evaluated to optimize amylase synthesis. A total of 22 species were isolated, with five—FE4, ELI1, FL2, MS2, and MS5—demonstrating high amylase production ability, which occurred at a pH ranging from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. Cassava peels supported optimal amylase production in Streptomyces spp. A4 (0.834), ELI1 (0.910), and FE4 (0.814 U/mL). The maximum yield of 0.930 U/mL was observed with ELI1 when urea was used as the nitrogen source, at an agitation speed of 100–150 rpm, and peaking on the fourth day of fermentation. It was identified as S. griseoflavus ELI_1 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and submitted to the GenBank with accession number OQ930232. The amylase produced by it was partially purified, markedly increasing its specific activity from 1.50 to 4.56 U/mL. Its ability to clarify orange juice was tested; the turbidity reduced significantly by 16.8% after amylase treatment (p <0.05). Amylolytic Streptomyces spp. were isolated from soil samples, and their amylase yield was optimized. The Amylase of S. griseoflavus ELI_1 could optimally clarify orange juice.Item Degradation of lignocellulosic substrates by Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus(Conscientia Beam, 2023-05-08) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Alao, Olaoluwa KehindeLignocellulosic substrates are wastes in the environment whose reducing sugars are not readily available for use. Biological pretreatment is the use of microorganisms and/or their metabolites to break down substrates to obtain simple sugars which is also cheap compared with other pretreatment techniques. This work is aimed at degrading lignocellulosic substrates with higher mushrooms to obtain simple sugars that could be used as raw materials for other industrial processes. The two mushrooms [Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Lentinus squarrosulus (LS)] with the ability to produce cellulase, xylanase, and lignase were used for degradation of lignocellulosic substrates [groundnut shell (GS), maize cob (MC), maize straw (MS), rice straw (RS) and sugarcane bagasse (SB)]. The residual extractives, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and reducing sugar contents were determined every 7 days. Least extractives (1.12 %), hemicellulose (15.09 %), lignin (17.60 %), and cellulose (5.60 %) were recorded in PO-degraded MS, POLS-degraded GS, LS-degraded GS, and PO-degraded MS at 28, 35, 49 and 42 days of degradation, respectively. The highest reducing sugar contents (mg/g) obtained in GS (11.83), MS (27.03), SB (28.70), and RS (37.96) were recorded when degraded by PO for 49, 14, 7, and 49 days, respectively while that of MC (13.32) was recorded when degraded by LS for 42 days. Reducing sugar obtained was higher from sole degradation with PO compared with LS and POLS. Degraded MS, RS, and SB had better yield of reducing sugar than GS and MC. The amount of reducing sugar released varied with substrates, organisms, and degradation time.Item Isolation and identification of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria from fermented cucumber(Academic Journals, 2014-06-18) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Laba, S A; Fasiku, Samuel AdedayoLactic acid bacteria (LAB) responsible for spontaneous fermentation of cucumber were isolated and their antimicrobial producing potentials were screened against 10 indicator strains. 65% of the isolated LAB produced antimicrobial activities against at least two indicator strains. The indicator strains used were: Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, B. cereus, Proteus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Pseudomonas flourescence, P. aeruginosa, Serratia species and Pediococcus acidilactici. Of the 42 antimicrobial producing isolates characterized, 16, 12, 6 and 8 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, L. acidophillus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, respectively. Highest lactic acid producers DW7, DT6, DH13 and DF12 were selected for further investigations and were identified as L. plantarum. None of the selected L. plantarum isolates had antagonistic activity against S. aureus, Salmonella species and P. acidilactici. The effect of pH and temperature on the antimicrobial activity of selected isolates showed that pH 5.5 and temperature 30°C were the optimum pH and temperature respectively. Thus, the selected L. plantarum isolates are good producers of antimicrobial compounds and could be suitable for application in food industry in preservation of vegetables so as to increase their shelf life.Item Isolation and identification of thermophilic cellulolytic yeast from cassava waste dump(Journal of Science Research, 2015) Onilude, A A; Adekoya A O; Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Ja'afaru, I MCellulase is an enzyme complex which breaks down cellulose to glucose. The need for economical, complete and fast industrial processes necessitates the use of very active starters able to operate at high temperature of production to degrade cheap nutrients most of which are cellulolytic; hence the search for thermophilic cellulolytic yeasts from the environment. Isolation and identification of thermophilic yeasts were made from the soil samples using standard procedures and obtained isolates were screened for cellulolytic enzymes production. The enzymes were characterised using different parameters such as temperature, pH, substrate concentrations, enzyme concentrations and metal ion concentrations. A total of seven thermophilic yeasts were isolated from cassava waste dump sites and identified as Torulopis sphaerica, Kloeckera apiculata, Pichia canadensis, Pichia species, Candida krusei, Candida utilis and Rodotorula rubra. They all had optimum growth at temperature and pH of 55ºC and 6.0 respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for cellulolytic activities ranged from 45-55ºC and 5-6 respectively. Cellulolytic activities increased with increase in the concentration of substrate, enzymes and metal ions.Item Pretreatment of maize straw with Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus for bioethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2021-12-18) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Wakil, Sherifah MonilolaMaize straw (MS) is a lignocellulosic substrate that constitutes huge wastes in the environment. This work aimed to pretreat MS with mushroom alone as a biological agent, and with NaOH prior to mushroom treatment (combined chemical and biological), and subsequently converting the released reducing sugars (RS) to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MS was degraded by Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Lentinus squarrosulus singly and in combination for 35 d. Samples were collected every 7 d from the treated straw to determine the RS content. Moreover, MS samples were pretreated with NaOH prior to degradation by the selected mushroom (combined pretreatment), and then their sugar profiles were determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The RS recovered from the degraded MS samples were fermented using 2 molecularly-identified S. cerevisiae strains. The highest RS contents (16.79 mg/ g) were recorded when MS was pre-degraded by PO for 21 d compared to Lentinus squarrosulus (16.55 mg/ g), and with the consortium of the two fungal cultures (16.36 mg/ g). However, MS pretreated with NaOH and Pleurotus ostreatus gave better yield of RS (17.38 mg/ g), than treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus (16.79 mg/ g) alone. The sugar profiles of the NaOH-PO-pretreated MS (mg/ 100 g) included; glucose (850.60); xylose (837.04), fructose (754.29), arabinose (502.76), ribose (2.066×10-4) and rhamnose (3.552×10-5). The fermenting yeasts were molecularly identified by sequencing of ITS region as S. cerevisiae SA01 and S. cerevisiae SA02, and assigned Accession no. of MK038975 and MN491900, respectively. Equal concentration of bioethanol (1.58 g/ l) was recorded in PO and in NaOH-PO-pretreated MS, which were fermented by S. cerevisiae SA01. Accordingly, MS can be utilized as a substrate for fermentation and then bioethanol production.Item Production of Bioethanol from Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Starter Cultures(New York Science Journal, 2013) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Adelabu, Adebola Blessing; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Onilude, Anthony AbiodunPalm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) has great potential as a substrate for acetone, butanol and ethanol fermentation because it contains a mixture of carbohydrates including starch, hemicellulose, sucrose and other carbohydrates that can be utilized by microorganisms. Hence microorganisms were isolated from spontaneously fermenting POME, the predominant strains were selected as starters and the effect of starters singly and in combination for bioethanol production was evaluated/determined. POME was spontaneously fermented for 21 days from which samples were taken every 3 days for analyses of pH, microbial quality, ethanol content, free fatty acid and lipase activity. Microorganisms isolated were characterized and identified. Moulds isolated were strains of Aspergillus and Penicillum genera, yeast were Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp., while bacteria were strains of Bacillus spp. and Micrococus sp. Sterile palm oil mill effluent was fermented with the starter cultures for 12 days and analyzed every 3 days for bioethanol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while used singly, produced the highest bioethanol (3.70%) concentration. Statistical analysis shows that bioethanol and percentage free fatty acid production by single and combined starter fermented POME is significantly different (P≤0.05) while lipase production was not significantly different (P≥0.05). The study reveals that fermentation of POME for 12days at room temperature (30+20C) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae singly gives the highest bioethanol concentration. Therefore, the use of starter cultures for fermentation of POME for the production of bioethanol is a potential solution for the control of pollution generated from the annual disposal of POMEItem Production of Bioethanol from Spontaneous Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)(Researher, 2013) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Adelabu, Adebola Blessing; Onilude, Anthony AbiodunThe feasibility of bioethanol production from spontaneous fermentation of palm oil mill effluent was carried out. Cooled POME (1.5L) was allowed to ferment spontaneously for 21 days for analysis of microbial quality, free fatty acid, lipase activity and ethanol contents. Effect of pH and supplementation on ethanol and other parameters were also determined every 3 days for 21 days. Ethanol content increased as the concentration of glucose increased and highest ethanol content (0.9%) was recorded at 25g/L and 30g/L of glucose in POME. Sugar cane bagasse supplementation had highest ethanol content (0.9%) at 20g/L and 30g/L thereafter decreased as its supplementation increased. Corn steep liquor supplementation did not have any effect on ethanol production from POME. Fermented POME supplemented with corn steep liquor had the highest lipase activity (0.00756μg/ml/day) and free fatty acid (2.561%) at 150ml/L. POME supplemented with 30g/L glucose and 30g/L sugar cane bagasse had the highest record of ethanol content (2.3%) at pH of 8.5 with highest free fatty acid (5.029%) at pH 6.5 on the 12th day of fermentation and highest lipase activity (0.03200μg/ml/day) was recorded at pH 6.5 on the 3rd day of fermentation. A relative high bioethanol can be produced by spontaneously fermenting POME with addition of 30g/L of glucose and 30g/L of sugar cane bagasse for 12 days at pH of 8.5Item Production of Tannase by Fungi Isolated from Different Soils(SET Publisher, 2020-01-05) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Ajayi, Oluwatosin Damilola; Fasiku, Samuel AdedayoTannases are enzymes that catalyze the production of gallic acid which is a versatile precursor of various chemicals used in food and pharmaceutical industries. This work is aimed at isolation and production of tannase from soil fungi. Moulds were isolated from soil samples that were collected from different sites in Ibadan Metropolis. Isolated fungi were screened on plate for tannase production. The best sets of fungi were selected to produce tannases under solid state fermentation using various substrates. Twenty (20) out of forty-two (42) isolated fungi were able to produce tannase. Isolates FR6, IAR15 and BG4 recorded highest zone of hydrolysis (20, 17 and 16 mm) on Tannic acid agar and were identified as Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus tamarii and Neosartorya fumigata respectively using their macroscopic and microscopic properties. Among different used substrates, highest production of tannase was observed when wheat bran (8.72 U/mL) was used as substrate which was followed by Moringa seed (7.90 U/mL). There was higher production of tannase by selected isolates when grown in used substrate (Wheat and Moringa seed) alone than when supplemented with tannic acid. Of all used carbon sources, Fructose and Maltose supported best production of tannase by the three fungi. NaNO3 was the best nitrogen source among all the nitrogen sources used with the yield of 15.88 U/mL by Aspergillus japonicus. Optimum production of tannase was either recorded at pH 6.0 or 6.5 with selected isolates. Aspergillus japonicus had a considerable higher production than other two selected fungi. Best production of tannase is achieved with 1% of fructose as carbon source, 1% of NaNO3 as nitrogen and Wheat bran as substrate at pH of 6.5.Item Screening For Lignocellulolytic Enzymes-producing White Rot Fungi(Asian Journal of Research in Botany, 2023-04-08) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Alao, Olaoluwa KehindeThe three major parts of lignocellulose are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which can be broken down by cellulase, xylanase and laccase, respectively, thereby making the reducing sugar in lignocellulose available for industrial processes. This work aimed to screen for white-rot fungi with the potential of producing cellulase, xylanase and laccase which are vital in breaking lignocellulosic substrates. Some white rot fungi were screened for their abilities to produce cellulase, xylanase and laccase on potato dextrose agar supplemented separately with 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), 1% of xylan, and 0.1% of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), respectively and enzymes relative activity were determined. The highest average relative activity of cellulase (1.07 ± 0.073) was recorded with Lentinus squarrosulus while the same average relative xylanase activity (1.13) was produced by both Lentinus squarrosulus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Pleurotus tuber-regium did not produce cellulase and xylanase. The highest average relative laccase activity (1.43 ± 0.286) was produced by Pleurotus tuber-regium followed by Pleurotus ostreatus (1.24 ± 0.162) and the least was by Lentinus squarrosulus (1.12 ± 0.134). Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus produced cellulase, xylanase and laccase which are important in breaking down lignocellulose. Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus could be employed to break down lignocellulose.Item SCREENING OF FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONVERSION OF MAIZE STRAW INTO BIOETHANOL(Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2022-10-01) Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Wakil, Sherifah MonilolaMaize straw is a lignocellulosic waste that is annually added to the environment as pollutant because its accumulation constitutes a nuisance and in addition, its reducing sugar is not readily released. Pretreatment of maize straw makes its reducing sugar available for fermentation into bio-products such as bioethanol production under optimized conditions. This work aimed at determining the effect of different parameters on ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from pretreated maize straw. Effects of pH, temperature, sugar concentration, nitrogen source, and inoculum load/sizes on ethanol yield of pretreated maize straw by S. cerevisiae SA01 and S. cerevisiae SA02 for optimum ethanol production were determined using standard methods. Ethanol content was estimated using a gravimetric method. The optimum ethanol production (1.97 g/L) was obtained at pH 5.5 while highest ethanol content (2.76 and 2.37 g/L) was at 30°C by S. cerevisiae SA01 and S. cerevisiae SA02, respectively. The glucose concentration of 2 % supported the highest ethanol production (3.95 g/L) by S. cerevisiae SA02. Corn steep liquor was the best among the nitrogen sources used and increased the ethanol yield of S. cerevisiae SA01 and S. cerevisiae SA02 by 300 and 661 %, respectively. One percent of 1.0 MacFarland standard of both yeasts supported the highest ethanol production (14.99 g/L) from pretreated maize straw. Bio-conversion of maize straw to substrate for bioethanol production at optimized conditions will reduce environmental pollution, production cost and increase energy sources.