Development of Smart Energy Management Socket Using Real-Time Metering and Demand Response Control
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Date
2026-06-06
Authors
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Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IRE JOURNALS
Abstract
The need for energy conservation, management,
control, and overload protection for optimal energy
deployment and consumption in domestic, commercial,
and industrial applications has necessitated the design of
an energy supply system that can be controlled and
monitored in real time from any location worldwide. The
proposed system leverages an ESP32 Wi-Fi-enabled
micro-controller integrated with the PZEM-004T sensor
module to measure current, voltage, energy, power,
frequency, and power factor. Each outlet is switched via a
2N2222A bipolar junction transistor driving individual
relay channels that control AC supply to the connected
loads. Parameters are monitored, controlled, and driven
online through a Firebase Real-time Database web
interface. Functional testing showed an average voltage
measurement error of 0.14% over a 227 V-230 V range,
an average current error of 1.18%, and a power
measurement error of 2.11%. These negligible deviations
confirm the accuracy, reliability, and suitability of the
system for smart-home and industrial energy
management applications.
Description
Keywords
Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32, Smart Socket, Energy Monitoring, PZEM-004T, Firebase, Relay Control, Wi-Fi, Automation, Energy Management
Citation
APA