Faculty of Agriculture

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CROP FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE CONFLICTS WITH NOMADS IN OYO STATE
(Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 17, No. 1, 2017) Yekinni, O.T.; Adeniyi, R.T.; Adebisi, S.A.
Conflicts on the use of resources are not uncommon in human systems. However, when they degenerate to violence, threatening progress, peace and development of the society; it would be necessary to address the problem. This study focused on adaptation strategies employed by crop farmers to manage conflicts with nomads in Oyo state. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected with the use of interview schedule on crop farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics, causes of conflicts, effect of conflicts and coping strategies. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (Chisquare and PPMC) statistics. Results show that most of the respondents were Yoruba (89.2%), male (86.7%), married (98.3%), had farming (87.5%) as their primary occupation with mean age of 55 years. Mostly identified causes of conflicts were crop damage (weighted mean=194.9), indiscriminate bush burning (188.3) and blockage of water (174.2). Effects of conflicts mostly experienced by farmers were reduction in output and income of farmers (197.4), destruction of crops (193.4), anger/anxiety/emotional exhaustion (180.0). Coping strategies mostly employed were prayer for peace (184.9), early harvesting (181.6) and appease of other party (166.6). More than half (55.8%) of the respondents used low level of coping strategies. Significant relationship existed between coping strategies employed and ethnicity (χ2=11.609), other forms of education (χ2=19.164; p=0.001) as well as effect of conflicts (r=0.400). Adaptation strategies employed by the respondents should be investigated, validated and adopted by appropriate authorities in order to mitigate the regular conflicts among farmers and nomads in Nigeria.
Use of Information and Communication Technology for Agricultural Marketing Information by farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria
(International Journal of Agriculture and Development Studies (IJADS) Vol.3 No 2, 2018) Adeniyi, R.T.; Yekinni, O.T.
Marketing information is important to agricultural enterprises. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools have been used to provide information to various stakeholders in agro-allied activities. This study focused on how farmers used the ICT tools to obtain Agricultural Marketing Information (AMI) for their enterprises. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 143 respondents for the study. Data was collected using interview schedule and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as PPMC. Results showed that majority of the farmers were mostly male (83.2%), married (92.2%), with a mean age of 45.7 years, a mean year of formal education of 9.5 years and a mean household size of 7.4 persons. The mostly used ICT tools for the AMI by the respondents were radio (weighted score=274.1), mobile phone (232.8) and television (140); the use of ICT tools was relatively low (55.2%). The benefits that accrued to the respondents included easy access to market information (176.2), quick sales of produce (175.5) and improved farmers’ income (173.4). A good proportion (51.7%) of the respondents derived low benefits from the use of ICT-facilitated AMI. There was a significant relationship between benefits derived and use of ICT tools for AMI (r=0.520, p=0.000). Farmers’ educational status enhanced their use of ICTs for more benefits that is inherent in ICT-based AMI. Hence, relevant policies and strategies should be put in place to promote the use of ICT-facilitated information.
Benefits derived by rural youths’ involvement in oil palm enterprise in Ido local government area of Oyo State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Rural Extension and Development, 2018-06) Yekinni, O.T.; Adeniyi, R.T.; Osunkunle, G.O.
The economic contribution of oil palm among the oil producing crop to the sustainable agricultural productivity in Nigeria is high. This study assessed the benefits derived by rural youths’ involvement in oil palm processing activities in Ido local government of Oyo state. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected via interview schedule on rural youth’s socio economic characteristics, involvement in oil palm processing activities, support services needed and the benefits derived. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (Chi-square and PPMC) statistics. Results show that most of the respondents were female (79.2%), married (63.3%) with mean age of 26 .6±5.53years. They had oil palm processing as their primary occupation (87.5%) and used self labour (60.8%) with source funding being through personal savings (83.3%). A mostly identified benefit was the supply of raw materials to industries (215.9), engaging youths to prevent restiveness (214.2) and increased standard of living (209.8). More than half (52.2%) of the respondents had low level of support services. The respondents’ involvement included crushing, digestion, and heating of the fruit (195.9) and separation of endocarp from the kernel (192.4). Significant relationship existed between involvement and sex (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.011), age (p=0.002) as well as benefits derived (p=0.000). The benefits derived by the involved youth could be sustained with improved level of the support services as they are strong enough to keep them in the enterprise.
Growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of rabbits fed varying levels and forms of cassava peel
(Trop. Anim. Prod. Invest. 22 (2):35-45, 2019) Akinbola, E.T.; Aromoye, R.A.; Oladimeji, S.O.; Tewe, O.O.
In a 56 – day feeding trial, performance, haematology and serum biochemistry in grower rabbits fed varying levels of conventional, coarse and fine cassava peel were investigated. Seven diets (I to VII) were formulated with varying levels of cassava peel inclusions. Twenty- eight grower rabbits were randomly distributed to the 7 dietary treatments with four animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. Rabbits fed diet I had significantly (p < 0.05) higher daily weight gain and total weight gain than those fed diet V but was comparable to others. Also, rabbits fed diet VII had significantly (p < 0.05) higher average daily feed intake than those fed diets II, IV and V but was comparable to others. Feed conversion ratio of the diets were comparable to each other except diets I and IV. The values for all the treatments ranged from 4.83 to 5.86. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower dry matter digestibility was observed in rabbits fed diets V and VI (0.73 and 0.75 respectively). Crude protein digestibility was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in rabbits fed diets I and VII than diet III, ether extract digestibility values were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rabbits fed diets III, V and VI while crude fibre digestibility improved in rabbits fed diets II, IV and VII ( 0.67, 0.70 and 0.72 respectively). Rabbits fed diet VI had significantly lower red blood cell count (4.23 x 106/L) compared to those fed with diets III, IV, V and VII. Also, rabbits fed diets V and VII had significantly (p < 0.05) higher haemoglobin than those fed diet II. The overall value ranged from 10.10 to 12.05g/dl. Rabbits fed diet I also had significantly (p < 0.05) higher albumin compared to those fed diet IV.
DETERMINANTS OF YOUTHS’ INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
(Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 19, No. 1,, 2019) Yekinni, O.T.; Ladigbolu, T.A.; Adeniyi, R.T.; Bashiru, O.M.
Development of youth through active participation in agricultural vocational training may bring about proliferation of agricultural enterprises for sustainability of agricultural sector. This study focused on the determinants of youths’ involvement in vocational training in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents. Data were collected via structured questionnaire on respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, reasons for the choice of specific agricultural enterprise training, attitudes towards the trainings, involvement and constraints to the vocational training. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (Chi-square, PPMC, and linear regression) statistics. Results show that most of the respondents were male (74.2%), married (70.0%) and entrepreneur (64.2%) with mean age and monthly income of 22years and ₦27,665 respectively. Respondents were mostly involved poultry (120.8) enterprise and personal interest (55.8%) was the main reason for their choice of the enterprise. They had unfavorable attitude (53.3%) and lack of fund (weighted mean=165.9) constrained their involvement. Significant relationship existed between respondents’ age (r=-0.31, p=0.00), institutions attended ((χ2=91.90, p=0.000), monthly income (r=-0.22, p=0.02) and involvement in the enterprise. Major determinants of their involvement in the enterprise were age (β=-0.30; p=0.01) and constraints faced (β=0.20; p=0.03). Since they identified fund-related constraints, subsequent agricultural vocational training programmes should be packaged with credit facilities (with little or no interest rate) to be disbursed immediately after the training programme.
Benefits Derived from the Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Rural Farmers in Northeast Nigeria
(Journal of Agricultural Extension Vol. 23, No. 3, 2019-07) Yekinni, O.T.; Ladigbolu, T.A.; Adeniyi, R.T.; Adebisi, G.L.
The study investigated benefited from the use of ICTs in Northeastern Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 230 respondents. Data for the study were collected using interview schedule and analysed with percentages, mean and weighted score and Chi-square and PPMC at α0.05. Results show that the available ICT tools to the respondents were radio (97.4%), mobile phone (92.6%) and television (88.3%). The most perceived benefits of ICTs were keeping in touch with friends with (158.8) and provision of information on weather, disease outbreak and new agricultural techniques (141.7). However, the majority (54.3%) of the respondents had low level of benefit of ICT use. Constraint encountered using ICTs were high cost of maintenance (126.5), high call tariff (126.4) and language barrier (124.8). Significant relationship existed between respondents’ age (r= - 0.61), sex (χ2=56.50) and benefits derived from the use of ICTs. Respondents’ low level of benefit derived could be due to language barrier, high cost of tariff and maintenance. Developmental practitioners should continue the use of ICTs to propagate information to target audience while high priority should be given to local language when packaging such information.
Variations in the thermoregulatory response of geese during high temperature – humidity index
(Proceedings of 25th Annual Conference of ASAN, 2020) Akinbola, E.T.; Ewuola, E.O.
Geese have a seasonal reproductive pattern governed by environmental fluctuation. Birds must therefore be in homeostasis with their environment for optimum performance and reproductive efficiency. In a 21–day trial, the effects of sex and daytime on the thermoregulatory response of geese during high temperature – humidity index was investigated. Twenty four geese (12 males and 12 females) were allotted into two treatments according to their sexes in a completely randomized design. Their respiratory rate, rectal temperature, pulse rate and panting rate were measured and recorded in the morning, afternoon and evening throughout the entire experimental period. Also, the ambient temperature and relative humidity of the pen were recorded on a daily basis. Results showed that females had significantly (p<0.05) higher respiratory rate and pulse rate than males. However, males had significantly (p<0.05) higher rectal temperature than the females. The panting rate was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the two sexes. The respective mean temperature, humidity and temperature-humidity index values recorded were 26.59oC, 85.65% and 40.69 (morning); 34.16oC, 46.05% and 48.25 (afternoon) and 34.39oC, 47.45% and 47.84 (evening). The rectal temperature in the morning was significantly (p<0.05) lower than in the afternoon and evening and their pulse rate decreased (p<0.05) inversely with daytime. Hence, it can be concluded that sex and daytime independently has effect on the thermoregulatory response of geese.
Analysis of Profitability of Cassava Enterprises in Rural Areas of Oyo State
(National Congress of Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria, 2020-01) Ayegboyin, J.B.; Yekinni, O.T.; Adeniyi, R.T.
VARIATIONS IN THE THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE OF GEESE DURING LOW TEMPERATURE – HUMIDITY INDEX
(NIGERIAN SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION (NSAP) 46TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, 2021) Akinbola, E.T.; Ewuola, E.O.; Olujimi, A.T.
In a 28–day trial, the effects of sex and daytime on the thermoregulatory response of geese during low temperature – humidity index was investigated. Twenty four geese (12 males and 12 females) were allotted into two treatments according to their sex in a completely randomized design. Their cloaca temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate were measured and recorded in the morning, afternoon and evening for the entire experimental period. Also, the ambient temperature and relative humidity of the pen were recorded daily. Males had significantly (p < 0.05) higher respiratory rate (20.84±2.06 breaths/minute) than females (19.49±1.37 breaths/minute). However, pulse rate and cloaca temperature were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between the two sexes. The respective mean temperature, humidity and temperature-humidity index (THI) values recorded were 25.20±1.460C, 91.93±4.38% and 24.92±1.38 (morning); 28.98±1.870C, 73.64±9.00% and 27.74±1.37 (afternoon) and 28.88±2.300C, 72.39±8.87% and 27.60±1.86 (evening). The cloaca temperature in the morning was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in the afternoon and evening while their pulse rate and respiratory rate were not significantly (p<0.05) different at the respective daytimes. Hence, sex and daytime independently influenced the thermoregulatory response of the geese.
EFFECTS OF WALLOWING, SEX AND DAYTIME ON THE THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE OF GEESE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY INDEX
(Proceedings of 26th Annual Conference of ASAN-NIAS, 2021) Ewuola, E.O.; Akinbola, E.T.; Ogundele, A.A.; Oyewale, J.O.
24 geese (12 males and 12 females) were used to assess the effect of wallowing on the haematology and thermoregulatory response of geese at high temperature humidity index. The male and female geese were randomly divided each into 2 treatments which were the wallowed group and non- wallowed group and the experiment lasted for 5 weeks. The temperature, humidity, pulse rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were measured every alternate day for a period of 5 weeks while the blood samples of the animals was collected and analysed for haematological profile twice during the experiment: 2 weeks post wallowing and 4 weeks post wallowing. Significantly higher values were observed in the respiratory rate and pulse rate of non-wallowed geese than the wallowed geese for the wallowing effect. Sex did not have any significant effect on all the parameters. The values for their respiratory rate, rectal temperature and pulse rate ranged from 20.24±2.48-21.15±3.69 breaths/minutes, 40.42±0.35-40.43±0.450C and 152.74±22.32-156.33±17.43 beats/minutes respectively. Their respiratory rate and rectal temperature were also observed to be significantly higher in the afternoon and evening than in the morning. However, there was no significant difference in their pulse rate. Therefore, this study indicated that wallowing and daytime influenced the thermoregulatory response of the geese at high temperature humidity index.
Information and Communication Technologies Usage among Agricultural Students of Tertiary Institutions in Southwest of Nigeria
(Journal of Agricultural Extension Vol. 25, No. 1, 2021-01) Yekinni, O.T.; Ladigbolu, T.A.; Adeniyi, R.T.; Oluwasusi, S.J.
The study examined information and communication technologies usage among agricultural students of tertiary institution in Southwest of Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 300 agricultural students from tertiary institutions. Structured questionnaire was employed to elicit information on students’ socioeconomic characteristics, availability of ICTs, accessibility and purposes of ICTs usage. Data were subjected to percentage, chi-square, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the Analysis of variance at p=0.05. Findings revealed that the most available ICTs among students were internet and mobile phone (95.0%) respectively while they had access to mobile phone (Weighted Mean (WM)=0.58) and radio (WM=0.51), they used ICTs for information (WM=0.77), academics (WM=0.70) and entertainment (WM=0.70) purposes; with high level of availability (71.0%), access (56.7%) and ICTs usage purpose (51.3%) respectively. There were significant relationships between respondents’ monthly stipend (r=0.200), state of institution (χ2=8.000), religion (χ2=222.660), marital status (χ2=211.680), category of students’ programme (χ2= 320.4608), type of institution (χ2=56.000) and their purposes for using ICTs but with a significant difference across the states (F=23.821; p=0.00). Students used ICTs for information, academic and entertainment purposes based on their age and type of their institutions. Since ICTs are used for beneficial purposes, it is recommended that ICTs should be adapted, applied and incorporated into tertiary institutions’ curricula across the nation.
Poultry Farmers Adaptation Strategies to Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic in Oyo State, Nigeria
(Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, 2021-04) Adeniyi, R.T.; Adetunji, T.A.; Olumoyegun, B.A.; Fanifosi, G.E.; Odozi, J.C.
This study examined the adaptation strategies to the consequence of COVID-19 pandemic on Poultry Farmers in Oyo State. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select five Key Informants and five Focus Group Discussion from the respondents respectively. Data on effects of lockdown, coping strategies and role of PAN were collected and analysed using constant comparison analysis.The effects of pandemic in severity order include, poor marketing due to collapse of the standard delivery system (85%); glut of the poultry products (80%), laying stock reduction (25%) and folding up of the enterprise (15%) burying of unsold bad eggs (5%).Coping strategies employed were sourcing financial support from cooperative societies (85%), sold produce on credit (75%) and sourcing ICT-based marketing information (70%). The role played by PAN include taking exemption letter from police (Police wireless message) to move poultry products for sale; mediating unfavourable government taxation and relevant information dissemination via WhatsApp group platform. There is the need to develop an emergency’s-smart resilience programme for the poultry industry. Measures adopted to manage emergencies such as COVID-19 should not impede the flow of agricultural products and inputs from the onset.
Effects of dietary replacement of fish meal with crayfish waste meal on the blood profile of rabbits
(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49(1) 304-312, 2022) Emerue, P.C.; Akinbola, E.T.; Omole, A.J.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the dietary replacement of fish meal (FM) with crayfish waste meal (CWM) on the blood profile of rabbits. A total of sixteen crossbred rabbits of about 10 weeks of age, with an average weight of 4.0±0.06kg were used for the experiment in a 90-day feeding trial. The diets used for the experiment contained graded levels of Crayfish waste meal (CWM)as replacement for fish meal (FM). The rabbits were assigned to four dietary treatments with four rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD). Dietary treatments contained 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% crayfish waste meal for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Data collected were packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cells (RBC), White blood cells (WBC), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum metabolites, total protein, albumin, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and others. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. There were no significant differences (P<0.05) in all the parameters measured for haematology across dietary treatments except in the PCV, RBC and MCV. Rabbits in T2 had higher PCV (25.50%) and RBC (6.61x106 uL) than those in T1, (18.50% and 5.07x106 uL, respectively). The blood biochemical composition showed no significant differences (P<0.05) in Albumin, ALT and creatinine across the dietary treatments. However, total serum protein, globulin, albuminglobulin ratio, AST, urea, glucose and cholesterol of the rabbits were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatments with T4 having significantly higher total protein (12.75g/dl) and globulin (10.10g/dl) than the other treatments. Therefore, the values of haematological and biochemical parameters obtained in this study which were in the normal range and the good health status of the rabbit across the treatments is an indication that cray fish waste meal is nutritionally adequate without any deleterious effect on the animals.
HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF RAMS FED GRADED LEVELS OF CASSAVA PULP AND DRY POULTRY DROPPINGS BASED DIET
(2022) Emerue, P.C.; Akinbola, E.T.
The study was carried out to assess the haematological indices in rams fed cassava pulp and sun-dried poultry droppings as an alternative energy and protein source. A total of twelve West African Dwarf rams aged 9-12 months were used for the experiment of 70 days feeding trial. Chopped elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was used as basal diet and four diets of Cassava pulp and Dry poultry droppings as concentrate supplements-based diets. The four diets (T1 - 0% Cassava pulp and 0% Dry poultry droppings, T2 - 25% Cassava pulp and 25% Dry poultry droppings, T3 - 50% Cassava pulp and 50% Dry poultry droppings, and T4 - 75% Cassava pulp and 75% Dry poultry droppings) were fed to the rams at the rate of 3% of the body weight. The rams were divided into four treatments in a completely randomized design. Data collected were haematological parameters such as packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin and many others. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the mean were separated using Duncan multiple range test. The haematological indices of the animals were within the normal range reported for sheep. The PCV, haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, platelet and lymphocyte were however significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 rams than other treatment groups. These are indications of no deleterious effect of cassava pulp and dried poultry droppings on the blood profile and health of the animals.

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