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Microbial analysis and detection of Aflatoxin from Irvingia gabonensis kernels sold in Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria
(African Journal of Biotechnology, 0022-12-01) Fashogbon, Racheal; Popoola, Bukola; Aforijiku, Samuel; Oyekanmi Ayomide; Uloko, Osaze; Olanbiwoninu, Afolake
This research work aimed at screening for different microorganisms associated with Irvingia gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels, its nutritional value and detection of aflatoxins from some of the infested I. gabonensis Kernels sold in Oyo town. A total of 30 different I. gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels were randomly purchased from six different points in the five major markets in Oyo town and isolation was done on Nutrient agar (NA), McConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) using pour plate method. The isolates were culturally, morphologically and biochemically characterized. The mineral, proximate and aflatoxin detection of the I. gabonensis Kernels with high microbial load and growth of Aspergillus flavus was carried out using standard methods. A total of 25 bacteria and 18 fungal were isolated which include Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and yeast. Irvingia gabonensis seeds with growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.4% sodium, 20.0 mg/kg vitamin C, 29.4 mg/kg calcium, 0.9 mg/100g iron, 34.4 mg/100 g magnesium and 0.02 mg/100 g zinc. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.5% moisture content, 4.2% crude protein, 45.7% crude fat, 9.1% crude fibre and 1.5% total ash. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW4, OOJ6 and OOW1) had aflatoxin level of 3.47, 3.69 and 5.10 ppb, respectively. Irvingia gabonensis seed with high micr
REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIALS OF A TROPICAL FERN CYCLOSORUS AFER (CHRIST.) CHING (THELYPTERIDACEAE: PTERIDOPYHTE) AT OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE IFE, NIGERIA
(Ife Journal of Science, 2011) Oloyede, Fatai Adekanye; Aponjolosun, Babalola Sunday; Ogunwole, Ayodeji Ayodele
Reroductive potentials of Cyclosorus afer (Christ.) Ching a tropical fern was studied. Propagation by the spores of this plant was therefore investigated. The aim was to determine the ability of early germination of these spores using nutrient (growth) agar. The experimental site was the Reforestation unit of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Fresh matured spores collected from this site were cultured in a prepared nutrient medium inside the Petri dishes labeled A, B, C, D, and E. The rapid rate of germination was observed at day 10 and day 14. The experiment was replicated thrice. Statistical analysis was carried out using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that maximum germination occurred around the second week. This is because about three-quarters of the spores germinated between 10th and 14th day of planting during which 80%, 50%, 90% and 60% germination was recorded in each of the Petri dishes B, C, D and E respectively while no germination was observed in the control experiment in Petri dish A. This indicates that the spores have potentials to raise this plant within a short period.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, TOXICITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF STEM BARK OF NIGERIAN SPECIES OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN.)
(EXCLI Journal, 2011-03-21) Fasola, Remi Taiye; Oloyede, Ganiyat Kehinde; Aponjolosun, Babalola Sunday
Essential oil from the stem bark of Nigerian species of Psidium guajava of the family Myrta- ceae was obtained by hydro-distillation using an all-glass Clavenger apparatus. GC and GC/MS analysis were carried out on the essential oil and was found to contain 62 compounds constituting 99.98 % of the total oil composition. The principal constituents are hydrocarbons, amines, amides and esters with 3,6-dioxa-2,4,5,7-tetraoctane,2,2,4,4,5,5,7,7-octamethyl (11.67 %) and cyclononane (10.66 %) dominating the total essential oil. Brine shrimp lethal- ity test was carried out to determine the toxicity of the oils to living organisms (shrimps). LC50 value (µg/ml) of 1.0009 obtained showed that the essential oil of P. guajava stem bark was toxic. The antioxidant property of essential oil was investigated by measuring the de- crease in absorption at 517 nm of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The oil showed better activity as a radical scavenger than α- tocopherol. The oil activity was 71.83 % at 0.2 mg/ml and the absorption is stoichiometric with respect to the number of electron taken up. Thus, the results of this study showed that the essential oil from P. guajava was not only toxic; it possessed antioxidant activity, which could exert beneficial actions against pathological alterations caused by the presence of highly reactive free radicals. The toxicity of the oil can be taken advantage of in the therapy of dis- eases involving cell or tumor growth.
Potentials of essential oils and plant extracts as bio- antimicrobials on Gram-negative indicator bacterial pathogens of poultry origin
(2011-10-20) Olayiwola, John Olusola; Ogunshe, Adenike A. O; Emikpe, B. O; Adeyeri, S. O
Increasing antibiotic resistance of veterinary importance is of global health significance and concerns, due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating from animals; therefore, easily obtainable and cheap alternatives to antibiotic use in prophylaxis and also as growth promoters are imperative. Antibiotic resistance of 73 and 51 gram-negative, indicator bacterial strains isolated from 68 crop and 51 gizzard contents of layer hens respectively, and identified as Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio species were determined. The bacterial flora exhibited in vitro resistance to one or more antibiotics but the most generally resisted antibiotics (discs) were amoxycillin (66.7 to 100%; 71.4 to 100%), augmentin (64.3 to 100%; 50.0 to 100%), cotrimoxazole (42.6 to 100%; 42.1 to 100%), nitrofurantoin (32.1 to 66.7%; 25.0 to 100%) and tetracycline (36.4 to 60.0%; 42.1 to 100%) respectively; while 31 different antibiotic resistant patterns were recorded. Essential oils of Eugenia aromatica (90.9 to 100%), Ageratum (27.3 to 100%), Chrysophyllum albidum juice (22.2 to 100%), lactic acid (100%), acetic acid (72.7 to 100%) and carvone (33.3 to 100%) were however, inhibitory towards the multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This study is the first to conclude that essential oils of Ageratum, Eugenia, Anacardium, as well as carvone, Chrysophyllum albidum juice, lactic and acetic acids can serve as easily-produced, natural bio-antibacterial agents of poultry importance instead of antibiotics, in Nigeria
Dr
(AU J.T., 2012-04-01) Fashogbon, Racheal; Adebayo-Tayo, Bukola
Production of bio-molecules is an important factor in assuring the proper consistency and texture of fermented foods. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented food were screened for lactic acid, diacetyl, hydrogen peroxide, pH development and Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Thirty-five strains of LAB were isolated and characterized from fermented dairy and non-dairy foods. The LAB species identified include: Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Lactobacillus delbruekii, Lactobacillus coryniformis, Lactobacillus casei, and Leuconostoc messenteroides. The most predominant species was Lactobacillus plantarum (34.29%). All the isolates were screened for lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl and pH and EPS production. Lactic acid production ranges within 0.11-1.96 mg/l in which the highest was produced by L. plantarum LPF2. L. plantarum LPF2 also produced the largest amount of diacetyl (1.92 mg/l). Hydrogen peroxide produce by the isolates ranges within 0.0002-.35 mg/l and L. fermentum LFBO1 produced the highest. The pH ranged within 3.2-6.5 in which L. plantarum LPF2 had the least. L. plantarum LPW7 and LPBO9, Leu. messenteroides LMWO2 and LMW4 bring the reduction of the pH of the fermentation medium to 3.8 at 36 hours. All the isolates were screened for EPS production on solid medium. The isolates were all creamy; four were highly mucoid, eight were mucoid while twenty-three were slightly mucoid. All the isolates are EPS producers, EPS production ranged within 120-1,390 mg/l in which the highest was produced by L. fermentum LF6.
Production of Bioethanol from Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Starter Cultures
(New York Science Journal, 2013) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Adelabu, Adebola Blessing; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Onilude, Anthony Abiodun
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) has great potential as a substrate for acetone, butanol and ethanol fermentation because it contains a mixture of carbohydrates including starch, hemicellulose, sucrose and other carbohydrates that can be utilized by microorganisms. Hence microorganisms were isolated from spontaneously fermenting POME, the predominant strains were selected as starters and the effect of starters singly and in combination for bioethanol production was evaluated/determined. POME was spontaneously fermented for 21 days from which samples were taken every 3 days for analyses of pH, microbial quality, ethanol content, free fatty acid and lipase activity. Microorganisms isolated were characterized and identified. Moulds isolated were strains of Aspergillus and Penicillum genera, yeast were Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp., while bacteria were strains of Bacillus spp. and Micrococus sp. Sterile palm oil mill effluent was fermented with the starter cultures for 12 days and analyzed every 3 days for bioethanol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while used singly, produced the highest bioethanol (3.70%) concentration. Statistical analysis shows that bioethanol and percentage free fatty acid production by single and combined starter fermented POME is significantly different (P≤0.05) while lipase production was not significantly different (P≥0.05). The study reveals that fermentation of POME for 12days at room temperature (30+20C) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae singly gives the highest bioethanol concentration. Therefore, the use of starter cultures for fermentation of POME for the production of bioethanol is a potential solution for the control of pollution generated from the annual disposal of POME
Production of Bioethanol from Spontaneous Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
(Researher, 2013) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Adelabu, Adebola Blessing; Onilude, Anthony Abiodun
The feasibility of bioethanol production from spontaneous fermentation of palm oil mill effluent was carried out. Cooled POME (1.5L) was allowed to ferment spontaneously for 21 days for analysis of microbial quality, free fatty acid, lipase activity and ethanol contents. Effect of pH and supplementation on ethanol and other parameters were also determined every 3 days for 21 days. Ethanol content increased as the concentration of glucose increased and highest ethanol content (0.9%) was recorded at 25g/L and 30g/L of glucose in POME. Sugar cane bagasse supplementation had highest ethanol content (0.9%) at 20g/L and 30g/L thereafter decreased as its supplementation increased. Corn steep liquor supplementation did not have any effect on ethanol production from POME. Fermented POME supplemented with corn steep liquor had the highest lipase activity (0.00756μg/ml/day) and free fatty acid (2.561%) at 150ml/L. POME supplemented with 30g/L glucose and 30g/L sugar cane bagasse had the highest record of ethanol content (2.3%) at pH of 8.5 with highest free fatty acid (5.029%) at pH 6.5 on the 12th day of fermentation and highest lipase activity (0.03200μg/ml/day) was recorded at pH 6.5 on the 3rd day of fermentation. A relative high bioethanol can be produced by spontaneously fermenting POME with addition of 30g/L of glucose and 30g/L of sugar cane bagasse for 12 days at pH of 8.5
Production of Bioethanol from Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Starter Cultures
(New York Science Journal, 2013-01-01) Wakil, Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo Sherifah Monilola; Adelabu, Onilude, Anthony Abiodun Adebola Blessing
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) has great potential as a substrate for acetone, butanol and ethanol fermentation because it contains a mixture of carbohydrates including starch, hemicellulose, sucrose and other carbohydrates that can be utilized by microorganisms. Hence microorganisms were isolated from spontaneously fermenting POME, the predominant strains were selected as starters and the effect of starters singly and in combination for bioethanol production was evaluated/determined. POME was spontaneously fermented for 21 days from which samples were taken every 3 days for analyses of pH, microbial quality, ethanol content, free fatty acid and lipase activity. Microorganisms isolated were characterized and identified. Moulds isolated were strains of Aspergillus and Penicillum genera, yeast were Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp., while bacteria were strains of Bacillus spp. and Micrococus sp. Sterile palm oil mill effluent was fermented with the starter cultures for 12 days and analyzed every 3 days for bioethanol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while used singly, produced the highest bioethanol (3.70%) concentration. Statistical analysis shows that bioethanol and percentage free fatty acid production by single and combined starter fermented POME is significantly different (P ≤0.05) while lipase production was not significantly different (P≥0.05). The study reveals that fermentation of POME for 12days at room temperature (30+20C) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae singly gives the highest bioethanol concentration. Therefore, the use of starter cultures for fermentation of POME for the production of bioethanol is a potential solution for the control of pollution generated from the annual disposal of POME.
Production of Bioethanol from Spontaneous Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME).
(Science Publications, 2013-01-01) Wakil, Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo Sherifah Monilola; Adelabu, Onilude, Anthony Abiodun Adebola Blessing
The feasibility of bioethanol production from spontaneous fermentation of palm oil mill effluent was carried out. Cooled POME (1.5L) was allowed to ferment spontaneously for 21 days for analysis of microbial quality, free fatty acid, lipase activity and ethanol contents. Effect of pH and supplementation on ethanol and other parameters were also determined every 3 days for 21 days. Ethanol content increased as the concentration of glucose increased and highest ethanol content (0.9%) was recorded at 25g/L and 30g/L of glucose in POME. Sugar cane bagasse supplementation had highest ethanol content (0.9%) at 20g/L and 30g/L thereafter decreased as its supplementation increased. Corn steep liquor supplementation did not have any effect on ethanol production from POME. Fermented POME supplemented with corn steep liquor had the highest lipase activity (0.00756μg/ml/day) and free fatty acid (2.561%) at 150ml/L. POME supplemented with 30g/L glucose and 30g/L sugar cane bagasse had the highest record of ethanol content (2.3%) at pH of 8.5 with highest free fatty acid (5.029%) at pH 6.5 on the 12th day of fermentation and highest lipase activity (0.03200μg/ml/day) was recorded at pH 6.5 on the 3rd day of fermentation. A relative high bioethanol can be produced by spontaneously fermenting POME with addition of 30g/L of glucose and 30g/L of sugar cane bagasse for 12 days at pH of 8.5.
Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) stem bark extracts: Toxicity and Free radical scavenging activity
(Academia Arena, 2014) Fasola, Taiye Remi; Oloyede, Ganiyat Kehinde; Aponjolosun, Babalola Sunday
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various physiological and pathological situations. They are capable of damaging DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids which are generally in aerobic organisms. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the lethal dose (LC50) and investigating the effect of solvents of different polarity on free radical scavenging activity of Nigerian specie of Psidium guajava stem bark using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The crude methanol extract of P. guajava (CMEPG) stem bark was partitioned using hexane (HEFPG), ethyl acetate (EAFPG), butanol (BUFPG) and water (AQFPG). Free radical scavenging activities of CMEPG and the partitioned extracts were tested on 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical generated from Hydrogen Peroxide (H O ). Their activities were compared with 22 known antioxidant standards; ascorbic acid (ASCAD), butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) and alpha-tocopherol (α-TOCO). The highest percentage inhibition was observed in HEFPG (97.39%) and BUFPG (96.50%) at 1.0 mg/ml in the DPPH test. BUFPG also scavenged hydroxyl radical generated from H2O2 better than CMEPG and other extracts. CMEPG had a percentage inhibition of 98.91% which is comparable to α−TOCO having 99.86% inhibition at 0.1 mg/ml. Brine shrimp lethality test was carried out to investigate the toxicity of P. guajava to lower animals and the result revealed that HEFPG was the most toxic with LC50 value of 41.7170 µg/ml while AQFPG with LC50 greater than 1,000 was non-toxic. Thus, Psidium guajava grown in Nigeria is a promising antioxidant agent.
Isolation and identification of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria from fermented cucumber
(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2014-01-01) Wakil, Laba, S. A. S. M.; and Fasiku, S. A
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) responsible for spontaneous fermentation of cucumber were isolated and their antimicrobial producing potentials were screened against 10 indicator strains. 65% of the isolated LAB produced antimicrobial activities against at least two indicator strains. The indicator strains used were: Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, B. cereus, Proteus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Pseudomonas flourescence, P. aeruginosa, Serratia species and Pediococcus acidilactici. Of the 42 antimicrobial producing isolates characterized, 16, 12, 6 and 8 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, respectively. Highest lactic acid producers DW7, DT6, DH13 and DF12 were selected for further investigations and were identified as L. plantarum. None of the selected L. plantarum isolates had antagonistic activity against S. aureus, Salmolnella species and P. acidilactici. The effect of pH and temperature on the antimicrobial activity of selected isolates showed that pH 5.5 and temperature 30°C were the optimum pH and temperature respectively. Thus, the selected L. plantarum isolates are good producers of antimicrobial compounds and could be suitable for application in food industry in preservation of vegetables so as to increase their shelf life.
Isolation and identification of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria from fermented cucumber
(Academic Journals, 2014-06-18) Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Laba, S A; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) responsible for spontaneous fermentation of cucumber were isolated and their antimicrobial producing potentials were screened against 10 indicator strains. 65% of the isolated LAB produced antimicrobial activities against at least two indicator strains. The indicator strains used were: Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, B. cereus, Proteus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Pseudomonas flourescence, P. aeruginosa, Serratia species and Pediococcus acidilactici. Of the 42 antimicrobial producing isolates characterized, 16, 12, 6 and 8 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, L. acidophillus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, respectively. Highest lactic acid producers DW7, DT6, DH13 and DF12 were selected for further investigations and were identified as L. plantarum. None of the selected L. plantarum isolates had antagonistic activity against S. aureus, Salmonella species and P. acidilactici. The effect of pH and temperature on the antimicrobial activity of selected isolates showed that pH 5.5 and temperature 30°C were the optimum pH and temperature respectively. Thus, the selected L. plantarum isolates are good producers of antimicrobial compounds and could be suitable for application in food industry in preservation of vegetables so as to increase their shelf life.
Isolation and identification of thermophilic cellulolytic yeast from cassava waste dump
(Journal of Science Research, 2015) Onilude, A A; Adekoya A O; Wakil, Sherifah Monilola; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo; Ja'afaru, I M
Cellulase is an enzyme complex which breaks down cellulose to glucose. The need for economical, complete and fast industrial processes necessitates the use of very active starters able to operate at high temperature of production to degrade cheap nutrients most of which are cellulolytic; hence the search for thermophilic cellulolytic yeasts from the environment. Isolation and identification of thermophilic yeasts were made from the soil samples using standard procedures and obtained isolates were screened for cellulolytic enzymes production. The enzymes were characterised using different parameters such as temperature, pH, substrate concentrations, enzyme concentrations and metal ion concentrations. A total of seven thermophilic yeasts were isolated from cassava waste dump sites and identified as Torulopis sphaerica, Kloeckera apiculata, Pichia canadensis, Pichia species, Candida krusei, Candida utilis and Rodotorula rubra. They all had optimum growth at temperature and pH of 55ºC and 6.0 respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for cellulolytic activities ranged from 45-55ºC and 5-6 respectively. Cellulolytic activities increased with increase in the concentration of substrate, enzymes and metal ions.
Production of bacterial amylases and cellulases using sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas. (L.) Lam.) peels
(African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2015-01-01) Olanbiwoninu, Fasiku, Samuel Afolake Atinuke
Peels of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) were buried in the soil for 14 days and the isolates associated with the degradation of the peels were obtained using standard microbiological procedures. The bacterial isolates obtained were screened for amylolytic and cellulolytic activities under different pH and temperatures as parameters and optimized for enzyme production. Sixteen (16) bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized and screened for amylase and cellulase production. Bacillus pumilus has the highest frequency of occurrence (18.75%) followed by B. subtilis (12.50%). After 24 to 48 h of incubation, B. pumilus produced highest concentration of amylase at 55°C, pH 6 (5.4 U/mL) while B.subtilis had the best cellulase production of 0.75 U/mL at 55°C, pH 7. B. pumilus and Bacillus subtilis produced the highest amylase and cellulase concentrations and seem to be the potential sources of these enzymes for industrial application.
Isolation and identification of thermophilic cellulolytic yeast from cassava waste dump
(Journal of Science Research,, 2015-01-01) Onilude, Adekoya, A.O A.A.; Wakil, Fasiku, S. A S. M; Ja’afaru, I. M
Cellulase is an enzyme complex which breaks down cellulose to glucose. The need for economical, complete and fast industrial processes necessitates the use of very active starters able to operate at high temperature of production to degrade cheap nutrients most of which are cellulolytic; hence the search for thermophilic cellulolytic yeasts from the environment. Isolation and identification of thermophilic yeasts were made from the soil samples using standard procedures and obtained isolates were screened for cellulolytic enzymes production. The enzymes were characterised using different parameters such as temperature, pH, substrate concentrations, enzyme concentrations and metal ion concentrations. A total of seven thermophilic yeasts were isolated from cassava waste dump sites and identified as Torulopis sphaerica, Kloeckera apiculata, Pichia canadensis, Pichia species, Candida krusei, Candida utilis and Rodotorula rubra. They all had optimum growth at temperature and pH of 55ºC and 6.0 respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for cellulolytic activities ranged from 45-55ºC and 5-6 respectively. Cellulolytic activities increased with increase in the concentration of substrate, enzymes and metal ions.
Microbiological Quality Assessment and Antibiogram of the Bacteria Isolated from Fish Feed, Oyo, South-West Nigeria
(J. Anim. Sci. Adv, 2015-03-30) Olayiwola, John Olusola; Adedokun A. A.
Essential nutrient is required for the growth of aquaculture either in the wild or in the artificial environment. Therefore, artificial feed need to contain essential nutrients and free of pathogenic microorganism. Samples of both imported and local fish feed samples were collected and presence of microorganisms was examined using bacteriological media. Morphological and Biochemical identification of the isolates were carried out. Also, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacteria isolated were carried out using Gram negative and positive specific antibiotics (Oxoid) with reference to zones of inhibition observed from the plates. It was observed that fish feed samples possess pH and moisture content ranges from 6.8 to 7.0 and 10% to 17% respectively. The proportion of microorganisms obtained from the sample shows Bacillus sp 33%, Staphylococcus sp 13%, Streptococcus sp 13%, Pseudomonas sp 7%, Klebsiella sp 7% and Proteus sp 6%. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested and interpreted using NCCLS, 2006. Regulatory authorities on animal (fish) feed should therefore endeavor to ensure pathogen-free animal (fish) feed. This will ensure good and healthy meat or food (fish) production for human population.
Production of bacterial amylases and cellulases using sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas. (L.) Lam.) peels
(Academic Journals, 2015-10) Olanbiwoninu, Afolake Atinuke; Fasiku, Samuel Adedayo
Peels of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) were buried in the soil for 14 days and the isolates associated with the degradation of the peels were obtained using standard microbiological procedures. The bacterial isolates obtained were screened for amylolytic and cellulolytic activities under different pH and temperatures as parameters and optimized for enzyme production. Sixteen (16) bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized and screened for amylase and cellulase production. Bacillus pumilus has the highest frequency of occurrence (18.75%) followed by B. subtilis (12.50%). After 24 to 48 h of incubation, B. pumilus produced highest concentration of amylase at 55°C, pH 6 (5.4 U/mL) while B. subtilis had the best cellulase production of 0.75 U/mL at 55°C, pH 7. B. pumilus and Bacillus subtilis produced the highest amylase and cellulase concentrations and seem to be the potential sources of these enzymes for industrial application.
A REVIEW ON ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTS FROM PSIDIUM SPP AND EFFECT OF THE EXTRACTION SOLVENT
(PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY, 2016) Suleiman, M. Mustapha; Ogah, I. Jeremiah; Okobia, Bishop; Adeyemi, Oluwasanmi A.; Olatunji, K. Toyosi; Ige, Itohan M.
The vast potential of plants has bioactive compounds that could be effective or inhibitory to microorgan- isms. Several experiments aimed at understanding the plant composition and its safe usage in the modern world have been conducteddue to their traditional importance in herbal medicine. Psidiumsppis a phyto-therapeutic plant believed to have active components that helps to manage and/ or treat different disease conditions such as vomiting, fever, diarrhea, dysentery, ulcer etc. Thus, understanding of the antimi- crobial nature via research on their extracts will further explain their role in the history of herbal medicine and application in modern world.After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a systematic review com- posed of sixteen published research articles of twenty trials from different parts of Psidiumspp extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were appraised. The outcome was evaluated via zones of inhibition with consideration to the extraction solvent and the plant part. Analysis of the available data showed that the choice of solvent (95% C.I) affected the amount of composition extracted in the order of methanol, aqueous, acetone and ethanol while the plants part also varied in terms of their bioactive proper- ties to inhibit the target organism in order of leaf, fruit, stem bark, twig and seed. Due to the ability of these extracts to inhibit the target organisms, it can therefore be deduced that concentration of the active com- ponents of Psidiumspp can be used as an alternative to treat diseases related to E. coli and S.aureus.
Occurrence and Environmental Implications of Calcareous Nannofossils in Surface Sediments of the Western Gulf of Guinea: off Lagos Coast, South-western Nigeria
(Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2016-01-01) ADAMOLEKUN, Olajide J.; UMOH, Ekaete E.
The application of calcareous nannofossils in oil exploration, and environmental studies is playing an increasingly important role all over the world. Most recent researches on this subject area in Nigeria are confined/restricted to the oil producing Niger Delta leaving most other areas untouched. This however limits nannofossils’ application in biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental interpretation of non oil producing areas within the country. Before now, nannofossils occurrence and application have not been documented in the surface sediments of Nigeria. Consequently, calcareous nannofossils have been investigated in thirteen (13) surface sediments samples of the littoral area from the continental shelf of western Gulf of Guinea, off Lagos coast. Primarily, this research was aimed at determining the occurrence (and or non occurrence), and relative abundance of nannofossils in surface sediments of the area with which the age of the sediments, paleoenvironment and paleoecological condition(s) could be determined.The samples were collected with the aid of grab sampler, allowed to dry and subjected to detailed lithologic description. Furthermore, the samples were subjected to nannofossils analysis by standard method of preparation. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis was done using the high power Olympus Transmitted Light Microscope (TLM). The occurrence of nannofossils has been established in the study area (littoral area of the western Gulf of Guinea). Most of the sediments are poorly consolidated, fine to coarse grained sand with little amount of clay ant silt fractions that yielded Pliocene to Recent nannofossils (mainly Pleistocene). A total population of 1132 belonging to five different genera (Calcidiscus, Ceratolithus, Gephyrocapsa, Helicosphera and Reticulofenestra) and seven species were found in the studied samples with Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica being the most abundant (followed by Gephyrocapsa oceanica of a little lower abundance). The species indicate a truly shallow marine environment within recent sediment accumulation.
Bacteriological and Proximate Evaluation of Ginger-Fortified Fermented Maize (OGI)
(Am. J. Food Techno, 2017) Olayiwola, John Olusola; Inyang Victoria; Bello, Mobolaji Akeem
Background and Objective: Fermented cereal food is an important food in human diet globally especially in developing countries. Attempt at fortifying the fermented cereal Ogi with natural substances like ginger becomes imperative. The objective of study was to find out the effect of ginger on the survival rate of Gram-negative bacteria and nutritional content of Ogi. Materials and Methods: Typed maize (BR 99 28-SR-Y) sample and ginger were collected for the study. The Ogi was produced following the traditional process and subsequently nutritional and microbial analysis was carried out. Results: The value of pH ranged from 4.18-4.36. Moisture content of 10 and 20% ginger fortified Ogi are 60.18 and 60.66%, respectively while control was 71.89%, the crude protein was 2.72-2.65% while control was 1.94%. The value of fat content for the two fortification variables were 1.39 and 1.37% while control was 0.38%. Crude fiber was found to be 0.16 and 0.24% while control was 0.24% but the carbohydrate content was 35.49 and 34.97% compare with the control of 25.62%. Ash content of 10 and 20% ginger fortified Ogi in this study was 0.33% and 0.31 while control was 0.16%. The colony forming units of the bacteria investigated in the fortification ranged from 1.5×10 -3.8×10 CFU mLG over the period of 15 days designed for the experiment. Twenty four bacteria were isolated and identified which comprises of 5 genera including Lactobacillus (50%), Corynebacterium (29%), Escherichia (8%), Pseudomonas (8%) and Citrobacter (4%). Conclusion: Ogi is a cereal based traditional lactic acid fermented weaning food, which deteriorates after long keeping and ginger has the ability to enhance nutritional content and reduction in the Gram negative bacteria associated with Ogi.

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