Department of Political Science

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APPRAISING INDIA’S ROLE IN UNITED NATIONS PEACE KEEPING OPERATION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF SOUTH SUDAN
(Assumption University-eJournal of Interdisciplinary Research (AU-eJIR), 2017) Omede, Jolade; Ngwube, Arinze; Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
India has long invested in promoting goodwill among African states by participating in United Nations Peace keeping operations. India is the third largest contributor of personnel to UN peacekeeping operations and has contributed to various missions across the world including in Somalia, Mozambique, Angola, Sierra Leone, and more recently, the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan. As part of a broader push to build stronger ties to African countries, India has redoubled its commitment to peacekeeping efforts over the past decade, and in the views of many in the UN peacekeeping system, the capacity of Indian peacekeepers makes them essential to any peacekeeping effort on the continent. India also possess the capacity to provide well trained troops who are accustomed to operating in a diverse array of terrain. In addition, the paper will assess India’s strategy of using peacekeeping as a tool of foreign policy. This paper will assess the role of India in the South Sudan Crisis. The paper’s source of data will be essentially secondary involving books, journals; articles on the subject matter under review.
BACKDOOR POLITICS: PERMITTING INFORMALITY FOR FORMAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICAN DEMOCRACIES
(2020) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
The backdoor politics is a general term behind the study of effective and responsible public policy from the perspective of informal political processes. The study analyses informal input determinants that affect responsible public politics. The methodology utilises data from the Afrobarometer database, assessing three countries in Africa, from the east, west and southern parts – Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa, respectively. The starting point of this methodology is that policy is responsible and effective if it integrates formal and informal decision-making processes and decision implementation
BENUE VALLEY JOURNAL OF HERDER-FARMER CRISIS
(Catholic Diocese of Makurdi Foundation for Justice, Development and Peace (FJDP), 2020-04) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Violence has the chance of escalating whenever the parties involved attain extreme ideologies and have access to weapons. Several crises in the world started with unabated localised violence.This violence becomes sustained when political powers are used against one group as opposed to other groups. The violence can take a new turn of sustenance whenever religion and ethnic cognitions and colorations are given to the crises. This study focuses on the theoretical construct of radicalisation of pastoralists and farmers in sustained violence in Nigeria. The variables of access to weapons, political power, economic interest, religious bigotry and ethnic chauvinism are related together to see how violence becomes radicalised using the violence between pastoralists and farmers in Nigeria as a case study. The game theory and tyre burning
Billet Democracy and Urban Violence in Nigeria
(Political Science Review, 2016) Aremu, Fatai A.; Aluko, Opeyemi I.
Democracy by all standards is meant to make every man's voice heard and attended to by the various state administrators. But in recent times, the opposite is the.case of most scenarios in most part of the world. No doubt, there are several vanants of democracies as there are various nations. Still democracy is a political platform of popular interaction among nations in which issues are resolved in an amicable manner. When democracy turns bad, the extreme form of anarchy as well as lawlessness is inevitable which are symptoms of urban violence in any developed or developing country. This paper considers questions of the level of relevance of democracy in Nigeria, to what extent is it acceptable among the citizens and the resultant effect of violence on the polity. The methodology adopted is the simple purposive random survey of perceptions across the country using afro barometer database. The analysis of findings shows that democracy is fairly satisfying but still the most preferred among other system of governance by Nigerians. Conclusion is premised on good governance and legitimate use of force in resolving civic issues so as to sustain the democratic regime.
BREAKING THE CYCLE OF CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA: THE MYTH AND REALITY
(Journal of Co-operative and Business Studies (JCBS), 2020) Opeyemi Idowu, Aluko,
Corruption is been the restriction to legitimacy, democratic stability, socio-economic and political development in Africa and indeed in Nigeria. Several political regimes had contributed to the spread of corruption and its various manifestations in Nigeria. In curbing the menace, several institutional mechanisms were invented by various governments. These instrumentalities have their impacts in Nigeria but there is yet more to be done. Therefore, how can Nigeria be free from wide spread corruption? Prebendal theory is used to explain the trend of corruption in Nigeria. The methodology utilises afrobarometer data to show the reality and the way forward from the menace. The paper concludes that the war against corruption can be successfully fought from both the public (prosecution) and private (psyche) realms.
E-Governance and Corruption Impasse in Nigeria: A Developmental Expedition Synopsis
(E-Governance and Corruption Impasse in Nigeria, 2018) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Temitope Aderinola, Gabriel
E-governance is a technological innovation that brings governance to the fore of integrity and accountability. It requires high technological commitment so as to bring the government closer to the people. Corruption on the other hand is a bane to growth and development in any country. E-governance is a corrective measure to corruption which prevents government officials from shady activities due to its transparency nature. The connection between e-governance and corruption is analyzed in this chapter, and Nigeria is selected as a case study in developing countries. The chapter concludes on the premise that e-governance reduces the strength of corruption in any country and more investment is needed to enhance this development.
Entangled in the “New World Order”: Africa’s (In-) Security Quandaries and Prospects
(African Books Collective, 2018) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
GANG AND URBAN VIOLENCE PREVALENCE ON DEMOCRATIC SUSTENANCE
(ABAC Journal, 2018-06) Opeyemi Idowu*, Aluko
Violence is a phenomenon that occurs everywhere. It has severe consequences on the growth and development of any country. Gang syndicates in different urban and rural areas across the world are the major suppliers of violence in the world. The rate of growth of gang memberships across the rural and urban regions of the world is a challenge that all governments must proffer solutions to. In a democratic regime, the rate of growth of violence reduces the chances of good governance and democratic sustenance. This means that the more there is violence, the lesser democratic development and sustenance. The theoretical framework of tyre burning is used to explain the phenomenon of violence processes. This usually begins with a peaceful protest that degenerates into violence. The paper concludes on the premise that engaging the youths in productive activities will reduce gang membership and urban violence.
Gang Mores in Nigeria: The Prospect and Challenges
(Developing Country Studies, 2014) OPEYEMI IDOWU, ALUKO
Indeed, gang culture had become an issue which gives the government, parents and other policy makers a huge concern. Of every ten boys’, six belong to a gang or being affected by gang operations. The purpose of this study is to present an analytical view of the nature, trend and dynamism of gang culture in Nigeria using the city of Lagos as a case study. The choice of the case study is due to the fact that Lagos is a mega city which will best capture the issues related to gangs and at the same time ably represents all other parts of the country and indeed cities across the world. The methodology used in this work is an exploratory case study approach of group theory. Focus groups and archival data are used to explore different perspectives on the phenomena of gang culture. The findings show the trend of gang culture growth from joblessness to aggrieved youths and to armed groups. Also that a great treat is poised on the peace and security of the society if a concrete solution is not meted out. The study suggests a need for a working collaboration of the government, the parents and other social reformative agencies or organizations so as to rally round the youths in other to reduce the menace of gangs on the life of the society. Conclusion is however drawn on the fact that there is a rapid proliferation of gang culture in Nigeria, most among the youths of less than twenty years of age and the next generations might witness serious growth of terrorist attacks than what is being witness at present if this menace is not curbed effectively.
GANG VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF THE ILORIN SPECIES
(2018) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Mu’awiyya, Abdullahi; Ogundare, Yemi D.; Olorunsuwa, Ola; Sayuti, Usman; Iyau, Mbah; Humphrey C., Nwaorgu; Oyewole, Samuel
There is an epidemic of youth gang violence in many part of world today especially in post colonial states. Gang members kill each other and committing atrocities sporadically at rates that negate the notion of tranquillity formally enjoyed in these areas. This paper provides an overview of the current situation in Ilorin the capital of Kwara State Nigeria. It describes the major pathways to violent gang involvement for Ilorin youth and goes on to validate deprivation theory. It advocate for a shift to a public good approach that addresses the pathways to gang violence, and describes or formulate some evidence-based models that have great value in solving gang violence. The conclusion premised on is that a failure to act now will result in things getting much worse very shortly since the indigenous Ilorin population growth rate is exploding and the population “at risk” in many areas will double within the next decade.
International Donors and Democracy Promotion in Africa: Insights from the Activities of the Department for International Development (DFID) in Nigeria
(NJIA, 2015) Saka, Luqman; Aluko, Opeyemi; Ifejika, Solomon I.; Amusan, Lere
Since returning to civil rule in 1999, Nigeria has enjoyed international support and assistance directed at strengthening the capacity of its democratic institutions to deliver on their core mandate thereby aiding the sustenance and deepening of the nation’s democratic process. International financial assistance and technical supports to stakeholders in Nigeria democratic project have been delivered through international development institutions and agencies of which the United Kingdom, Department for International Development DFID remains important. While studies have assessed the contributions of international development assistance to democratic promotion in Africa, there has not been much engagement with the work of particular international development agencies as case studies. Given this context, this article examines the contribution of DFID to the strengthening of democratic institutions and deepening of the democratic process in Nigeria through the agency funding of programmes and projects that are directed at enhancing the capacity of democratic institutions, civil society organizations and other stakeholders in the nation’s democratic project.
INTERROGATING BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY ON NIGERIA'S POLITICAL IMAGE
(lIorin Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2016-10) Aremu, Fatai A.; Osezua, Ehiyamen M.; Aluko, Opeyemi I.; Isiaq, Atanda Abdulwaheed
Every nation of the world is conscious of her political image. It is the bargaining power of most nations among the comity of states. Nigeria's political image had been suffering from political leukaemia which is a combination of corruption and internal insurgency. The political image of Nigeria facing the menace of Boko Haram had become battered by the.outburst of the insurgency in 2009 till 2016. Many countries have furthler-placed Nigerians on a closely watched mirror of terrorist-attack prone state: With this advancing development, Nigeria's future relevance in political landscape of the world might be in jeopardy. This paper analyses the political implications -of Boko Haram insurgence and its trend in Nigeria. The research analytical tool of process tracing is used in this study. The broken window theory is used to further justify the spread and activities of the insurgent groups. This paper concludes by submitting that insurgencies like cancerous growth and time bomb, deface the state and a virile political effort is needed to stop the future harm on the' state.
Interrogating Voting Patterns in Nigeria's Legislative Elections Under the Fourth Republic
(2021) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Aliu, Fatima Omotayo; Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
The Judiciary and Justice Delivery in Nigeria
(Nigerian Political Science Association, 2019-07) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Democracies all over the world have various arms of government with different roles to play in other to ensure the growth and development of such country. The judiciary arm of government is saddled with some peculiar responsibilities which is mainly to interpret the law. Within the confinement of the law, the judiciary in its various hierarchies is expected to deliver certain services to the general public in Nigeria. These services are delivered mainly through the court processes among others. Therefore, has the judiciary in Nigeria live up to its constitutional responsibilities to the satisfaction of the greatest number of Nigerians? To this extent, the research objective driving this study is to assess the role of the judiciary in justice delivery in Nigeria. The System theory framework is adopted to explain the importance of balancing the input and the output of the judiciary arm of government so as to be able to deliver justice to all Nigerians. Qualitative research method is adopted. This study concludes that the judiciary’s role in justice delivery is crucial to the sustenance of democracy in Nigeria and it must not be impeded.
MEDIA DISCOURSE ON WOMEN AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN NIGERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF FEMINIST THEORY: AN ASSESSMENT
(2017) Luqman, SAKA; Lere, AMUSAN; Opeyemi, ALUKO
Discourse on women and the discrimination that they suffer in social relations continue to animate discussion about the roles and place of women across societies especially in Africa. It is within the context of the discourse on the nature of the relationship that the term gender emanates. Thus, gender as use in social science discourse highlights the nature, forms and dynamism of social relations between men and women and how this inform power, privileges and aspirations between the sexes. As a social issue, discourse on gender within the media (print, electronic and social media) has gained ascendancy. The media as agenda setting institution has elevated discussion on gender relations inclusive of the discourse on women’s active participation in the political process and the implications that its portends for national development. Therefore situating its discussion within the context of liberal feminist theory and drawing insights from news articles, opinion pieces, editorial, and commentaries from Nigerian newspapers and published academic materials this paper examines media discourse on women’s political participation within the Nigerian political space. It highlights the centrality of media presentation to the task of advancing women’s participation in the political process in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic.
Nation Branding and the Citizenship Question in Nigeria : Matters Arising for Political Restucting
(Ubuntu: Journal of Conflict and Social Transformation, 2020-12) Ogunnubi, Olusola; Opeyemi, Aluko
After almost 60 years of independence, the idea of the Nigerian state remains a veiled illusion masking the fading hopes of the country’s founding fathers. In the first few decades of its existence, Nigeria inspired the confidence of an African continent that was on a steady developmental trajectory. As the country clocks 60, the Nigerian dream appears to be an elusive one. Amid this quagmire, calls for political and economic restructuring have resuscitated the age-old ambition to return to ‘true federalism’ and fiscal autonomy of the constituent states. In this study, the authors turn to a less considered argument on restructuring that focuses on the need for a rebranded national identity that Nigerians can subscribe to. The article argues that, while restructuring has invoked different inter pretations from many, an important precursor must be a deeper commitment to Nigeria beginning with the advancement of a new national identity for Nigeria and Nigerians. Restructuring implemented without the conviction of being a Nigerian is unlikely to produce any meaningful results in Nigeria’s quest for radical socio-economic transformation. In sum, a robust national branding will initiate stronger belief in a truly national identity and inspire collective response to a federalised Nigeria.
NIGERIA'S 2015 ELECTIONS: Permanent voter's cards, smart card readers and security challenges.
(JOURNAL OF AFR1CAN ELECTiONS, 2016) Aremu, Fatai Ayinde; Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Voting time in any democracy always involves rigorous politicking. The electioneering exercise in developed democracies tends to have less tension in the polity than in many developing democracies which do witness some hitches, mainly in issues of procedure and security. However, these problems reduce with every subsequent election. Nigeria's 2015 general elections were no exception to such improvements as there were innovations in the Anti Electoral Fraud Procedures (AEFP). The research in this work questions the extent to which the AEFP preventcd electoral malpractices ill Nigeria's 2015 general elections. It also assesses together. given the security tension in the country, the ratio of actual voter turnout to registered voter speaks of peace in the electoral process. The research 1I1ethodology adopted is an empirical analysis of data from the Afrobaro171eter Round 6 survey assessing Nigeria11s' perceptions of their electoral environment and of the level of preparedness of the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC). INEC's officially released presidential election result is also critically interrogated. The relative deprivation theory is used to analyze the causes of security challenges. The conclusion is premised 011 the grounds that there were general improvements in the 2015 general elections and recommendations were posited to the Election Management Body (EMB), the government and the genera! masses
Nigerian Foreign Policy: a Fourth Republic Diplomatic Escapade
(Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 2016) Ejalonibu, Lawala Ebenezer; Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Foreign policy is unpredictable and has no specific domestic or international boundary. The scope is not static; issues in foreign policy are continuous. Therefore, no government consciously design her foreign policy outlook, the focus of any foreign policy would depend heavily on events in and around the nation and Nigeria is not an exception. The concept of Africa as the centre-piece of Nigerian’s foreign policy has emerged as the most consistent theme that runs through her foreign policies in all the various regimes. Foreign policy of Nigeria could be called a three concentric circle, this concentric circle clearly puts Nigeria’s interest first, West African Sub-region second and then the rest of Africa. It is very crucial to note that between 1960 and 1990, eighteen civil wars in Africa resulted in about 7 million deaths and spawned 5 million refugees. Nigeria cannot ignore Africa’s problems rather she must maintain the principle of Afrocentrism. This is so because; one out of every five Africans is a Nigerian. This paper therefore seeks to critically analyze the core issues in Nigerian foreign policy and challenges facing Nigerian foreign policy in the fourth republic, some recommendations will also be suggested.
NIGERIA’S 2015 ELECTIONS: Permanent voter’s cards, smart card readers and security challenges
(Journal of African Elections, 2018) Aremu, Fatai Ayinde; Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Voting time in any democracy always involves rigorous politicking. The electioneering exercise in developed democracies tends to have less tension in the polity than in many developing democracies which do witness some hitches, mainly in issues of procedure and security. However, these problems reduce with every subsequent election. Nigeria’s 2015 general elections were no exception to such improvements as there were innovations in the Anti Electoral Fraud Procedures (AEFP). The research in this work questions the extent to which the AEFP prevented electoral malpractices in Nigeria’s 2015 general elections. It also assesses whether, given the security tension in the country, the ratio of actual voter turnout to registered voter speaks of peace in the electoral process. The research methodology adopted is an empirical analysis of data from the Afrobarometer Round 6 survey assessing Nigerians’ perceptions of their electoral environment and of the level of preparedness of the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC). INEC’s officially released presidential election result is also critically interrogated. The relative deprivation theory is used to analyse the causes of security challenges. The conclusion is premised on the grounds that there were general improvements in the 2015 general elections and recommendations were posited to the Election Management Body (EMB), the government and the general masses.
Nigeria’s Soft Power and Economic Diplomacy in Africa
(Journal of African Foreign Affairs (JoAFA), 2018-08) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Ogunnubi, Olusola
The world is more fragile than it used to be as recently as three decades ago. With many countries developing sophisticated weaponry to counter possible external threats, states’ capacity to match each other’s military strength has been greatly enhanced with some going so far as to undermine the code of conduct in international peace politics. However, the descent of the multipolar world order has raised the credibility of soft power as a preferred alternative to hard power politics. This entails the use of economic diplomacy, negotiations, dialogue and persuasions instead of military capabilities. This study raises the need to revert from the traditional hard power display in global politics to a soft power approach. Nigeria in the West African sub-region is a major player in Africa and to a lesser extent in the world. It possesses a range of soft power potential and competences to negotiate with any player in Africa and globally through the plank of soft diplomacy. This study examines the articulation of Nigeria’s soft power in the arena of economic diplomacy and probes how the state marshals its economic engagement (especially in Africa) in the present multi-polar order. The authors further consider the extent to which economic diplomacy satisfies the foreign policy objectives of Nigeria and meets the demands of the Nigerian populace. Using descriptive analysis, the methodology utilizes data from Afrobarometer time series (2002-2014) on how satisfied Nigerians are in the handling of its economy. The realist theoretical framework is utilized to buttress power interplay in international politics and the imperative for soft power utilization by Nigeria and for the success of peaceful politics among nations of the world.

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