Department of Political Science

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Revisiting Nationaland Human Security Issues in Africa: The Quagmires and Quandaries.
(Fuoye Journal of Comm, 2020) Omede, Jolaade. A; Aluko, Opeyemi I.; Ngwube, Arinze
Security issues have become a global concern, as they have constituted a major threat to human existence. The security of lives and property of people is an essential social contract, which the governments in all countries of the world have to ensure. The human security is the holistic security that touches on all spheres of existence. In Africa, like other developing countries, security challenges are prevalent and pervasive.There is hardly any state in Africa where there is no security breakdown from West to East and from North to Southern Africa, It therefore, becomes imperative to explore the opportunities for improving national and human security in Africa. The Relative deprivation Theory Was adopted in this study to explain the trends that constitute the threats. Afrobarometer data were used to analyze the extent of fragility of states in Africa.The study's review found that national insecurity is due to the high level of deprivation of the masses. This study concludes that when relative deprivation reduces insecurity of lives and property would reduce in Africa.
A Study of Voters' Turnout in the University of Ilorin Students Union Election of 2015
(Political Science Review, 2015) Aremu, Fatai A.; Saka, Lukman; Isiaq, Abdulwaheed A.; Aluko, Opeyemi I.
Every human interaction has an iota of politicking prowess. Political participation transcends the electioneering period. It includes the pre election, election and post election period. It is the hallmark of a vibrant political entity. The school as an agent of socialization is a replica of the nationwide politics; therefore, it has its political atmosphere. Students' elections are fundamental to the school authority as it produces student representatives that will stand as intermediary between the students and the school authority. The focus of this paper is to assess the factor affecting the level of political participation of students in the election of their representatives. The rational choice theory is used to explain why voters votes or not. The quantitative methodology is as well adopted to assess the level of political participation of students in the union election. Conclusion is premised on the ground of building the nation's democracy from the grassroots of tertiary institutions while a rapid response to the culture of political apathy is recommendation.
INTERROGATING BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY ON NIGERIA'S POLITICAL IMAGE
(lIorin Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2016-10) Aremu, Fatai A.; Osezua, Ehiyamen M.; Aluko, Opeyemi I.; Isiaq, Atanda Abdulwaheed
Every nation of the world is conscious of her political image. It is the bargaining power of most nations among the comity of states. Nigeria's political image had been suffering from political leukaemia which is a combination of corruption and internal insurgency. The political image of Nigeria facing the menace of Boko Haram had become battered by the.outburst of the insurgency in 2009 till 2016. Many countries have furthler-placed Nigerians on a closely watched mirror of terrorist-attack prone state: With this advancing development, Nigeria's future relevance in political landscape of the world might be in jeopardy. This paper analyses the political implications -of Boko Haram insurgence and its trend in Nigeria. The research analytical tool of process tracing is used in this study. The broken window theory is used to further justify the spread and activities of the insurgent groups. This paper concludes by submitting that insurgencies like cancerous growth and time bomb, deface the state and a virile political effort is needed to stop the future harm on the' state.
NIGERIA'S 2015 ELECTIONS: Permanent voter's cards, smart card readers and security challenges.
(JOURNAL OF AFR1CAN ELECTiONS, 2016) Aremu, Fatai Ayinde; Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Voting time in any democracy always involves rigorous politicking. The electioneering exercise in developed democracies tends to have less tension in the polity than in many developing democracies which do witness some hitches, mainly in issues of procedure and security. However, these problems reduce with every subsequent election. Nigeria's 2015 general elections were no exception to such improvements as there were innovations in the Anti Electoral Fraud Procedures (AEFP). The research in this work questions the extent to which the AEFP preventcd electoral malpractices ill Nigeria's 2015 general elections. It also assesses together. given the security tension in the country, the ratio of actual voter turnout to registered voter speaks of peace in the electoral process. The research 1I1ethodology adopted is an empirical analysis of data from the Afrobaro171eter Round 6 survey assessing Nigeria11s' perceptions of their electoral environment and of the level of preparedness of the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC). INEC's officially released presidential election result is also critically interrogated. The relative deprivation theory is used to analyze the causes of security challenges. The conclusion is premised 011 the grounds that there were general improvements in the 2015 general elections and recommendations were posited to the Election Management Body (EMB), the government and the genera! masses
political Culture of Violence in Developing Democracies
(Studies ill Politics and Society,, 2019-07) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
'\'iolence inhibits gron·th,. development and democratic sustenance of any ~oulltry /1l The II '0 rId. Viol~nce has Its culture with definite .structures through IVhi~h If ~perates . different ell/lies. TIlls structure enables II 10 continually manifest In such ~~JI//liliniTY. The political structure of violence is referred 10 as a 'virus genome' ill Ihis paper. The genollle is a compound camp/ex structure. This genome in all cOJl//ll/(/1ities of/Oil'S violence to strive amidst of all political, social, economic and institutio/lal measures. Hall' can the political culture and structure of violence be broken? Qualitative research method is used to obtain data. Relative deprivation theory is applied in explaining the root cause of violence in the society. This paper revealed that political culture of violence in developing democracies and developed alike has its origin which is traceable to bad governance and the deprivation of the people of their C0l111110n good. In order to break the political culture and structure of violence, good governance and prompt policy actions are inevitable
Interrogating Voting Patterns in Nigeria's Legislative Elections Under the Fourth Republic
(2021) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Aliu, Fatima Omotayo; Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
Billet Democracy and Urban Violence in Nigeria
(Political Science Review, 2016) Aremu, Fatai A.; Aluko, Opeyemi I.
Democracy by all standards is meant to make every man's voice heard and attended to by the various state administrators. But in recent times, the opposite is the.case of most scenarios in most part of the world. No doubt, there are several vanants of democracies as there are various nations. Still democracy is a political platform of popular interaction among nations in which issues are resolved in an amicable manner. When democracy turns bad, the extreme form of anarchy as well as lawlessness is inevitable which are symptoms of urban violence in any developed or developing country. This paper considers questions of the level of relevance of democracy in Nigeria, to what extent is it acceptable among the citizens and the resultant effect of violence on the polity. The methodology adopted is the simple purposive random survey of perceptions across the country using afro barometer database. The analysis of findings shows that democracy is fairly satisfying but still the most preferred among other system of governance by Nigerians. Conclusion is premised on good governance and legitimate use of force in resolving civic issues so as to sustain the democratic regime.
VISITING THE HIPPOPOTAMUS: NATIONAL INTEGRATION ISSUES IN NIGERIA
(Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 2016) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Sayuti, Usman
National integration is the hallmark of unity and development in any polity. A multiethnic state requires potent integration mechanisms because multi-ethnicity is a potential political ‘time-bomb’ which may explode at any time. There is the need to position integrating mechanisms which will stem the tide of violence, favoritism and nepotism in the polity. Nigeria like many developing countries of the world is a multiethnic state and needs a potent national integrative mechanism. The federal character principle is identified in this paper as a mechanism used in Nigeria. This integrative prowess had caused the country a tempo gusto but to a large extent had been corrupted and rendered less effective by the interplay of the duo of ethnic chauvinism and religious bigotry. Aluko Opeyemi Idowu,
URBAN VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: OF FROG, PIG AND GOAT
(Proceedings of The International Academic Conference for Sub-Sahara African Transformation & Development, 2015-12-13) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Balogun, Sophia Osebi; Mu'Awiyya, Abdullahi
Ever since mans’ existence, violence had been an integral part of human society. Urban violence has become popular among nations with gains and pains. Several methods had been devised to mitigate the effect on man but little had been achieved. In most cases, it only exhibit amorphous change from one dimension of occurrence to the other. This work aim to give answer to the question of why has violence persisted in both developed and developing societies. This paper also reveals three dimensions of sustenance in which urban violence had imbibed to become insolvent in most communities. Broken window theoretical frame work is used to guide the work. Methodological analysis of 2400 perception of people across Nigeria were randomly sampled and analyzed using the afrobarometer database research to deduce how safe they feel in the community and the level of their trust on the state security. Series of recommendations that does not work were discussed and hybrid recommendations that will work were posited. Finally, the conclusion reached is that violence is an integral part of man’s life which cannot end but a rightful political will and organized—continuous check-up of moderating mechanics of the state, urban violence will be reduced to a minimal level.
Urban Violence and Demographic Delimitations in Democratic Governance
(Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 2015-12-03) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Urban violence has reached a global chaotic stage that requires urgent combat. Concise effort in recommending several way-out of this global menace had been made. Democratic delimitations have been identified in this work as a source of reoccurring urban violence in most polities. These include state creation, zoning formula, affirmative action and federal character principles. With regards to these efforts, the question this work asked is that what are the effects of demographic delimitations on democratic peace which may appear invisible but potent and volatile in the polity? Relative deprivation theory is used to validate the facts that urban violence is as a result of depriving group of people of their rights and benefits. The research methodology adopted is the analyses of the afrobarometer database on national and ethnic identity, security handling and general economic level perception. Two thousand four hundred respondents each in Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa respectively are focused in this study. The recommendations posited centres on ensuring adequate representation among the federating units in a country in terms of fiscal and critical geographical differences. The conclusion however centres on the facts that violence ensuing from geographical delimitations are easily escalating but when the geographical differences are streamlined peace will ensue. Keywords: Zoning formulas, Affirmative action, State Creation, Federal Character, Urban Violence and Relative Deprivation.
THE ‘UNDER CARPET SWEEPING’ SYNDROME OF URBAN VIOLENCE MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(Humanities, Art and Social Science, 2021-03-18) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
The developing countries have peculiar challenges which are related to the modality of managing violence and related matters. It is the duty of the state to secure the lives and property of the citizens promptly. What is usually obtained in many developing countries is micromanagement and jettisoning of important security matters. Therefore, the syndrome obtained when urgent security issues are abandoned or partially executed and when major aspects of curbing violence is jettisoned and the minor part is politically magnified, then essentialities of the germane issues is the ‘under-carpet sweeping’ syndrome. A time of relapse may ensue when under carpet syndromes becomes unbearable. The repercussion will be a wide spread violence or at the magnitude of civil war. The research question spotlight is what are the effects of organised abandonments of potential security threats on safety and development in most developing and some developed countries. The notion of relative deprivation theory is used to justify organised abandonments of major issues in the democratic regimes. Afrobarometer database is analysed to deduce the state of (in) security in five countries across Africa. The recommendation posited is that governments should allow best practice and prompt action on security matters. Conclusion is premised on the fact that when security matters are treated with levity and salient issues are swept under-carpet, violence will multiply in the country.
Tension in the Paradise: A Paradigm Shift in Urban Violence in Nigeria
(Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 2017) Aremu, Fatai Ayinde; Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
There had been a tremendous increase in the record of urban violence in the past decade and a clear tendency consistent increased. There is an average of ten (10) (reported) incidents of violence per day in each urban city in Nigeria regardless of it magnitude, an average of three hundred and fifty (350) crimes committed across the country per day regardless of it magnitude. This work reveals the effects of violence on development in Nigeria. The motive behind any group conversing for a right is seen as a collective bargaining for the public good. Conversely, this motive had dwindled down the lane taking a strange manoeuvrings and becoming a shift to personal aggrandizement and self glorifying egocentric motives. The Relative Deprivation theory is adopted in this work to effectively buttress the root cause of the problem of violence. This paper recommended institutional remedies and strengthened of internal democracy so as to ensure essential political, economical and social services for the citizenry and to mitigate religious bigotry, ethnic chauvinism and regional sentiments in the polity.
Security Agents Public Perception in Nigeria: A Study on the Police and the Vigilante (Neighborhood Watch)
(Journal of Political Studies, 2016) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
States are saddled with the responsibility of protecting the citizenry from internal insurrection and external aggression. Formal policing sector is perceived as the most appropriate security forces to mitigate civil crises within the community. In the recent times the use of the police is been joggled with the vigilante in most developing democracies. The vigilantes are seen as more effective in curbing immediate crime and deterring future crimes than the conventional police. The objective of this paper is to determine the extent of public trust for the security (police and vigilante) agents in Nigeria. The theoretical framework of Chaos theory and Tyre burning model are adopted to analyze crime while the data from Afrobarometer database and researchers' fieldwork are analyzed to see the perception of Nigerians on security and safety of their community. Policy recommendations of co-security options with basic legislation to reduce the unprofessional-ism of the security sectors are proffer.
Refocusing the Focus, Metafocus and Profocus: Mopping Urban Violence in Developing Cities
(Journal of Social Sciences, 2016) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
In most developing countries, urbanization is often relegated to the major population centres, leaving secondary cities and rural communities neglected. Such acts of neglect have caused occurrence of certain forms of violence in large cities. In order to reduce and mop up the resultant menace of urban violence, policy makers should initiate refocusing processes from larger cities to secondary cities. This will reveal an enormous potential growth and developments within the secondary cities and the country. This paper uses the principles of metafocus and profocus to proffer how the refocusing on secondary cities can be actualised and benefit the development of the state. The relative deprivation theory is utilized to analyse how the deprivation and neglect leads to urban violence. The adopted methodology analyses the economic conditions and the achieved satisfactory level of urban violence management that ensues from the demographic delimitations in the selected three African countries of Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. Conclusions are based on the premise that the economic conditions will improve and become balanced if the Pleuri-Potent Mega-City Stem Cell (PPMC-SC) of the metafocus principles and the defensive internal curative packages (M-DICP) of the profocus principles are applied in the countries’ secondary and larger cities.
Political Settlement Analysis of the Blight of Internally Displaced Persons in the Muslim World: Lessons from Nigeria
(Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2018) Oyeele, Samuel Olanrewaju; Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
The Nigerian economy has just technically exited recession. This harsh economic condition is no doubt of great concern to the government and people of the country in view of its attendant pains. Economic and financial experts and professionals are expected to find solution to this national challenge. This paper however argues that, in addition to seeking economic solution to this problem, the nation’s public service in its position as the main machinery of government for the formulation and implementation of public policies should be recognised as a critical factor in exiting the country out of recession. This can be done by continuous training and re-training of public servants in order to increase their competence, morale and productivity towards speedy recovery of the country’s economy. The paper adopted the qualitative method of analysis using mainly secondary source of data.
Political Economy of Crony Inequality Among Nations: A Study on Capitalism and Socialism
(2016-08-02) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
All over the world, the economy system of states revolve around capitalism, socialism and mixed economy. In most cases, capitalism had embalmed the economy of nations turning governments against the people, employers against the workers all in the name of surplus values and profiteering motives. Although capitalism had made economies of nations to grow but it is at the expense of the masses interest. The review of most government policies reveals a shift to accommodate inequalities in the economy systems. This research reveals the level of inequality in economic system of nations. What are the impacts of these profiteering motives on the economy? The methodology adopted is the survey analysis of institutional database of economy records of different regions in the world. The theoretical frameworks of deprivation theory coupled with Marxian theory were used to analyse the political economy of crony inequality of capitalism and socialism among nations. The conclusion is based on the level of positive impact the economy system has despite the inequality it creates in the polity.
Political Economy of Crony Capitalism: The Prospect and the Bane
(Journal of Economics Library, 2015-09) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
The world over, capitalism had encroach the economy of nations turning governments against the people, employers against the workers all in the name of surplus values and profiteering motives. Although capitalism had made economies of nations to boom without much stress due to the fluid faces of its operations, nevertheless, it has more havocs than good. The review of most government policies has shifted to accommodate the growing bane of cronies of capitalism. This research shows the tactics employed by bourgeoisies in colliding with the government. What are the implications of these profiteering motives on the economy? The methodology adopted is the survey analysis of institutional data base. The theoretical framework of deprivation theory coupled with Marxian theory were used to x-tray the prospect and the bane of crony capitalism in the economy of polities
Social protests and government responsiveness in Nigeria: a study on Bring Back Our Girls Movement
(PERSPECTIVAS - JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, 2020-12-03) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Socio-political movements in any country seek to ensure what they perceive to be equity in governance, accountability of government personnel and prevent issues that could lead to injustice and violence if left unattended. Socio-political movements exist worldwide and, thus, are not peculiar to developing countries. They are excellent tools for expressing democratic nature of a given society and a tool for contestation against undemocratic governments. This paper analyses the actions and reactions of the Bring Back Our Girls (BBOG) socio-political movement in Nigeria. The research question is to what extent has the movement been able to achieve accountability from the government in the quest of restoring the missing Chibok girls? The relative deprivation theoretical framework and political settlement analysis are employed to show the impact of the group reactions on the actions of the government. The analysis domiciles on the government of Nigeria. The paper concludes that democratic growth and development are sustained whenever citizens are able to approach the government by means of social movements and peaceful contestation
Ori Oke and National Development in Nigeria: A Geo-Political Analysis
(African Books Collective, 2018) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu
Ori-Oke, Prayer Mountains in Nigeria, are a rational phenomenon. They are a form of physical asset, spiritual arsenal, sacred geography and geopolitical utility which have benefited Nigeria. Several mountains for contestation of space exist in the nooks and crannies of Nigeria. These have been utilised for all kind of activities, ranging from economic to social, political and religious activities. The summation of the utilisation of this contestation of space, to a large extent, has brought about development. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to conceptualise the importance of Ori-Oke in Nigeria from geo-political stand point. Ethnographic research design was employed to obtain and analyse data. The paper, therefore, recommends to the government of all the tier levels and the Ori-Oke attendees, to optimally explore the geo-political benefits of the natural facilities. The paper concludes that, as man is a part of spiritual being, he needs spiritual things to survive and explore.
Nigeria’s Soft Power and Economic Diplomacy in Africa
(Journal of African Foreign Affairs (JoAFA), 2018-08) Aluko, Opeyemi Idowu; Ogunnubi, Olusola
The world is more fragile than it used to be as recently as three decades ago. With many countries developing sophisticated weaponry to counter possible external threats, states’ capacity to match each other’s military strength has been greatly enhanced with some going so far as to undermine the code of conduct in international peace politics. However, the descent of the multipolar world order has raised the credibility of soft power as a preferred alternative to hard power politics. This entails the use of economic diplomacy, negotiations, dialogue and persuasions instead of military capabilities. This study raises the need to revert from the traditional hard power display in global politics to a soft power approach. Nigeria in the West African sub-region is a major player in Africa and to a lesser extent in the world. It possesses a range of soft power potential and competences to negotiate with any player in Africa and globally through the plank of soft diplomacy. This study examines the articulation of Nigeria’s soft power in the arena of economic diplomacy and probes how the state marshals its economic engagement (especially in Africa) in the present multi-polar order. The authors further consider the extent to which economic diplomacy satisfies the foreign policy objectives of Nigeria and meets the demands of the Nigerian populace. Using descriptive analysis, the methodology utilizes data from Afrobarometer time series (2002-2014) on how satisfied Nigerians are in the handling of its economy. The realist theoretical framework is utilized to buttress power interplay in international politics and the imperative for soft power utilization by Nigeria and for the success of peaceful politics among nations of the world.

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