Department of Business Administration

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Sales Promotion Tools And Target Market In Nigerian Banking Industry
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2014-06-01) Oladele Patrick Olajide; Akinola Grace Oluyemisi; Akinruwa Temitope Emmanuel
The objective of the study was to examine if the tool of sales promotion in banking industry is determined by the target market. Survey research design was adopted. Primary source of data was collected using a self-developed structured questionnaire which was administered to customers of selected banks in Ado-Ekiti. Purposely sampling technique was used to select 192 respondents from the banks and the results were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Findings revealed that the strategies are significantly related to target market and the design of those tools is actually determined by the target market. Among the sales promotion tools, financial incentives were found most effective, followed by gifts and raffle draw, respectively. It was concluded that the management of banks should embrace the use of these tools for more patronage. The study recommended that the design of sales promo tool should be based on customer’s needs; banks should embark on customer survey research to discover more varieties of gifts that will enable them to accomplish their objectives at a specific sales promotion period. The management of banks should create more awareness on the use of raffle draw to enhance greater patronage. The implication of the study is that if the management of banks should strategically implement the aforementioned tools it will draw greater customers to the business.
Effect of Promotion on Product Awareness
(International Journal of Education and Research, 2014-09-01) IBOJO BOLANLE ODUNLAMI; AKINRUWA, TEMITOPE EMMANUEL
The study examined the influence of promotion on product wareness in the brewery subsector of the manufacturing industry in Nigeria. The objectives are; to assess the impact of promotion on product awareness in relation to the organization, to determine the degree at which the promotional mix used by the organization helps in achieving organisational objective, to evaluate the effect of company’s promotional activities on the pricing of a company’s brand and to assess the effectiveness of promotion in increasing the sales revenue of the organization.. Survey research design was adopted for this research. Primary data which includes questionnaire was used to elicit information from the members of staff while secondary data encompasses related journal materials, periodicals et.c. Descriptive statistics (percentages) and inferential statistics (multiple regression and t-test were used) were used to analyse the data. The findings show that a 1% shift in promotion will cause a 52.6% shift in product awareness (r=.526**, N=121, P<.01). The study revealed that a 1% shift in promotion will cause 89.6% shift in organizational objectives (r=.896**, N=121, P<.01). Also, 1% shift in promotion will cause 87.4% shift in pricing of organization’s brand/products (r=.874**, N=121, P>.01). These depict that promotion influences pricing of organizations’ product in this study. More so, 1% shift in promotion will cause 49.6% shifts in sales revenue(r=.496**, N=121, P>.01). Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that promotion is a critical and vital factor that enhances product awareness in the market. Hence, promotion attracts attention particularly when consumers are not very familiar with the products. It was strongly recommended that investments should be made towards research and developments as it becomes extremely necessary to consider the cost/benefits analysis of promotions as past researchers emphasised that promotion is based on meeting customers’ needs within a short term period.
Effect of Customer Satisfaction on Organizational Profitability, Using an Organization in the Food and Beverage Industry
(International Journal of Management Sciences, 2013-05-01) Ibojo Bolanle Odunlami; Olawepo G.T; Akinruwa Temitope Emmanuel
This study examines the effect of customer satisfaction on organizational profitability of a reputable food and beverage industry in Nigeria. More so, to determine the relationship between customer satisfaction and organizational profitability. Primary and secondary data were used for this study. The primary data was collected with the aid of questionnaires while the secondary data was collected from the selected organization periodicals and journals. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The descriptive tools include tables and percentages while the inferential tools include regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings from the study show the R2 values of 0.612 which revealed that customer satisfaction independently explain 61.2% of the variation in organizational profitability. The f-statistics of 12.307 of the organization revealed that the model is statistically significant at 0.05 significant level. The study concludes that the satisfaction of customers leads to more profitability. More so, there is a positive relationship between customer satisfaction and organizational profitability.
Effect of Labour Turnover on Performance in Nigerian Banking Industry (A Case of Ado-Ekiti Metropolis, Ekiti State)
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2014-08-01) Akinruwa, Temitope Emmanuel; Ajayi, Samuel Oluwaramipada; Akeke, Niyi Isreal
In the midst of other resources, human capital is considered the most valuable in organisations. The contribution of human resources to organization performance is significant. Organisation must ensure maximum cost reduction to attain high level of profitability and one way of doing that is by attending to labour issue. Hence the aim of this study is to examine labour turn-over relationship with the performance of Nigerian banking industry. Survey method was used; the population of the study comprised the entire commercial banks in the three senatorial districts of Ekiti-State, Nigeria. Sample size of 34 officers of current employees out of total population of 51 officers was used while 51 out of total population of 68 ex-employees were used. The current key officers were used to ascertain if the determinant factors have influence on the banks performance. On the other hand, ex-employees were used to know if any of the determinant factors used in the study had caused the employees to leave the banks. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used respectively to select the respondents while questionnaire was used to collect the data. Regression was used to analyse the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The finding shows that retrenchment, unrealistic target, leadership style, training and job insecurity have a positive relationship with performance while excessive workload shows negative relationship with the performance. Arising from the findings, it shows that performance in an orgarnisation hangs on each determinant factors working together as a system. This indicates that a single determinant factor cannot give banks a desirable performance. The value of R2 80.1% shows the good fit of the result. The following recommendations were made; Banks management should ensure that other determinant factors especially, those that are concerned with the institutions performance are given necessary support and pursued to actualise them. Banks management should set realistic target rate for their employees to curtail the risk of evil vices of getting the target especially, the ladies banker.
Customer Care: Antecedent Tool for Customer Patronage Among Selected Hotels in Southwest Nigeria
(International Journal of Management Studies, 2019-04-01) Akeke, Niyi Israel; Akinruwa, Temitope Emmanuel
The study investigated the influence of customer care on customer patronage of selected hotels in southwest, Nigeria. Primary source of data collection was adopted while multiple sampling techniques were used. Specifically, stratified, heterogeneous purposive and proportionate sampling techniques were utilized. A total number of 69 hotels consisting of all categories were sampled. A survey research design was adopted while questionnaire was used to collect data from 400 customers as respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to measure customer care. Constructs for customer care were satisfaction with staff relation, staff good assistance, staff good listener and commendable warmly greetings. Findings showed that customer care is capable of influencing patronage of hotels in southwest Nigeria. Giving these results, and in ranking we concluded that patronage is a function of giving assistance to customer when needed, ensuring exemplary courtesy, good relations and be a good listener. The study recommended that investors in hotel business should employ qualified personnel and engage in continuous train and retrains of staff in order to be professionally fit in their duties for customer engagement.
SOURCES OF FINANCE AND SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES’ PERFORMANCE IN ADO-EKITI METROPOLIS
(European Centre for Research Training and Development UK, 2016-08-01) Oladele, Patrick Olajide; Oloowokere, Bisi Amos; Akinruwa, Temitope Emmanuel
The objective of the research study was to look into the effects of financial source on small and medium enterprises performance in Ado-Ekiti metropolis. Survey research method was used via structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to 225 respondents in 45 conveniently selected registered SMEs in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. 4 point Likert Scale was employed to collect the respondents’ data. Since the respondents are the owners and concerned authorities of the business, there is no need for undecided option. Stratified sampling technique was adopted while frequency tables were used to explain the demographic of the respondents. Multiples regression analysis was employed in the study since we have multiple independent variables (like: personal savings, informal and formal sources of finance) and one dependent variable (i.e performance). From the findings, it shows that each of the financial sources has a reasonable level connection with the performance of SMEs. The model summary of each of the sources of finance shows personal savings with R2 33.1%, informal 42.0% and formal 46.7% respectively. However, the overall regression analysis results of the three sources indicate that R2 is 35.6% with F-test value of 40.78% attributed to performance. The overall coefficient results show that Mfb in formal source ranked best with t value of 5.933 and 0.00 at 5% level of significance and followed by family in informal source with t value of 3.940 and 0.00 at 5% level of significance and esusu in personal saving with t value of 3.180 and 0.00 at 5% level of significance respectively. The study concluded that there is nexus between sources of finance and business’ performance and from the overall coefficient regression results, it shows that formal source of finance is the most significant independent variables that is enhancing SMEs’ performance in Ado-Ekiti metropolis.
Speed and Awareness of Network Portability: An Antecedent to Intention to Port among Mobile Phone Users in Southwest Nigeria
(Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR), 2019-07-01) Oladele Patrick Olajide; Afolabi Yakibi Ayodele; Ajayi Omobola Monsurat; Akinruwa Temitope Emmanuel
The study examined the impact of speed and awareness of portability on intention to port among mobile phone users in southwest Nigeria. The study population comprises of staff and students of public universities in southwest Nigeria, the total population for the study was 313,001 and the sample size of 1522 was arrived at by using the Krecie and Morgan sample size table. The sampling techniques used in the study were both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. The non-probability sample techniques used was the homogenous purposive sampling technique for the selection of two universities (one state university and one federal university) from each state in the Southwest, Nigeria; the probability sample techniques were simple random sampling in order for all the elements of the population to have an equal chance of representation. The study analyzed the data through binary logistic regression. The result of the study indicated that coefficient of speed of porting (β = 0.321, p < 0.05) is positive and significant at 5% level. The results suggested that increase in the rate at which porting can be affected would increase intention to port by about 4%. The coefficient of awareness of porting, which is an indication of level of knowledge of mobile number portability, is also positive and significantly (β = 0.451, p < 0.05) related to consumers intention to port. The study recommends that Government and service providers should take note of the time it will take to port, as it is preferable by subscribers to have less than 48 hours for porting and increase the awareness of portability in order to strengthen the competition and make life better for customers.
INFLUENCE OF FACILITIES ON CUSTOMER PATRONAGE AMONG SELECTED HOTELS IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
(Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 2019-01-01) Oladele Olajide Patrick; Yakibi Ayodele Afolabi; Akinruwa Temitope Emmanuel
The study investigated the influence of quality of facilities on customer patronage among selected hotels in south-west, Nigeria. The primary source of data collection was adopted while multistage sampling techniques such as stratified, heterogeneous purposive and proportionate sampling techniques were utilized. The study was carried out in Ekiti, Ondo, Osun, Ogun, Oyo and Lagos States. A total number of 69 hotels cutting across all sizes were sampled. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and inferential Statistics such as hierarchical multiple regression. Good access road, basic security facilities, constant water supply, constant electricity and convenient parking space were used as dimensions of the explanatory variables. Findings showed that quality of facilities is positive and significantly related to customer patronage of hotels. Consequently, in ranking, we concluded that customer patronage is a function of the good access road, constant electricity, constant water supply, basic security facilities and convenient parking space. Hence, the study recommended that investors should, as a matter of fact, ensure that hotels should be situated in strategically accessible locations to be complemented with other facilities such as constant electricity, constant water supply, basic security facilities and convenient parking space.
DETERMINANTS OF IMPULSE PURCHASE AMONG CONSUMERS OF DOMESTIC GOODS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom, 2019-04-01) Adebisi, S.O.; Akinruwa, T.E.; Awolaja, A.M.
The study examined the determinants of impulse purchasing among customers of domestic goods. Survey methods were adopted. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and purposive sampling was used to determine respondents. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression. Variables tested for determinant were visual merchandising, promotion, income, price and appearance of sales person. The results showed that, in order of significance, visual merchandising =.676, promotion =.061, price = .135, appearance of salesperson = .018 and income = .071 were significant determinants of impulse purchasing among customers of domestics goods. It is concluded that visual merchandising, promotion, income, price and appearance of sales person were significant determinant of impulse purchase. Based on these findings, the study recommended that in arranging supermarket, quality brand package and highly attractive products should be placed where customers can easily sight them; Also, expert should be engaged to design and execute promotional activities; Profit element in the price should be moderate; gifts and discount on purchases should be used to give seller a competitive advantage. Supermarket management should employed young neat, attractive male and female attendants and emphasis good dressing code and establish quality training for them as part of management policies. Above all, in pricing and stocking items, consideration should be giving to income levels of consumers within the business environment.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PRODUCT PACKAGING ON CUSTOMER PATRONAGE OF BOURNVITA IN EKITI STATE
(British Journal of Marketing Studies (BJMS), 2019-04-01) Akinruwa T.E.
The study examined the effectiveness of product packaging on customer patronage. Survey method was adopted. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and purposive sampling was used to determine respondents. Sample size of 322 was used. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression. Constructs tested as explanatory variables were product size, colour, quality of packaging material, quality of product content and shape. The results showed that all the tested variables have significant positive effects on customer patronage of Bournvita. In order of significant, the R2 change, in order of hierarch, for the variables was: product size =.215, quality of packaging material =.058, colour = .049, shape =.044, and quality of product content = .028. It was concluded that customer decision to patronise could be influenced by taken into consideration size, colour, package material, product content and shape of a product. Based on these findings, it is recommended, among others, that producing different sizes of the product should be a continuous practice that firm should undertake. As well, producers should consciously adopt colours suitable and capable of appealing to customer interest and consequently influence their choice of a product by mere sighting of the package colour.
CUSTOMERS’ PREFERENCE OF MOBILE PHONE SERVICE PROVIDERS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
(European Centre for Research Training and Development UK, 2016-03-01) Akeke Niyi Israel; Akinruwa E. Temitope; Akeke Adenike Rita
The objective of the study is to examine customers’ preference for mobile phone service providers in Ekiti State. Survey research designed was adopted while a self developed structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analysed using multiple regression analysis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The significance levels were tested at 5%. Findings show that connectivity was considered most significant with customers’ preference for mobile phone service providers in the state. Arising from finding, the study recommended that management of service providers should give more attention on improving their connectivity, relax their tariff rate and consistently scan the business environment to discover a particular marketing tool that gives desirable result. In ranking, the result shows that connectivity came first, followed by tariff rate and next was network coverage and finally quality of service.
CONDITION OF SERVICE: ANTECENT TO TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS’ OPERATIONAL PEFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
(BERJAYA Journal of Services & Management, 2024-07-01) Akinruwa E. Temitope; Babatunde B. Olusanya; Ogah A. Victor
The study examined the condition of service as an antecedent to tertiary institution operational performance. Explanatory variables like working environment, compensation, training allowance, and job security were used to explain the predictive effect of condition of service on the performance. The adopted methods included structured questionnaires, heterogenous purposive sampling techniques, and multiple regressions. The results showed that the independent variables of work environment, compensation, job security and training allowance all have a significant positive influence on the tertiary institutions’ operational performance. Further, compensation was found to have the highest significance, followed by training allowance, job security and lastly work environment. The study recommended that if management seeks a workforce capable of driving an organization’s performance, efforts must
Assessment of Service Marketing as a tool for Customers’ Satisfaction in Service Industry in Ado-Ekiti Metropolis, Ekiti State, Nigeria
(European Journal of Humanities, 2013-06-01) AKINRUWA Temitope Emmanuel; IBOJO Bolanle Odunlami; AWOLUSI Olawunmi Dele
The objective of the study is to assess service marketing as a tool for customers’ satisfaction in Ekiti State. Twenty service industries were used. Survey and descriptive research methods were used while structure questionnaire was administered on the customers. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the respondents and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was employed. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) indicated that 85% of the changes in customers’ satisfaction were explained by the considered explanatory indicators’ (i.e. product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical environment). Emanating from the findings, it was concluded that with the trend of competitive business environment in the state capital (Ado-Ekiti metropolis), management of service providers must key into the 7ps if they were to be relevant in the business. The study recommended that there is need for the service industries to adopt and improve on the provision of the 7ps for attaining optimal customers’ satisfaction and thus, enhance other business performance metrics.
Cultural Combination and International Acquisition Performance of Multinational Corporations in Nigeria
(Global Institute for Research & Education, 2014-01-01) Awolusi O. Dele; Akinruwa E. Temitope
International acquisitions constitute the most frequently used means through which multinational corporations undertake foreign direct investment, however, majority of these transactions are not successful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Critical Factors (CFs) of successful cultural combination and international acquisition performance (IAP) of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Nigeria, that have implemented international acquisition as a strategic imperative in the past one decade. 516 senior and management staff of 13 multinational corporations operating in Nigerian were randomly selected from a business-to-business database maintained by a national list provider. Using Rottig (2007) Five-C’s Framework of successful international acquisition management, factors manifesting International Acquisition Performance were regressed on the critical factors, manifesting successful cultural combinations. Findings based on the survey revealed that successful cultural combinations positively affected international acquisition performance. The results suggests the positive effects of the CFs of successful cultural combinations (Cultural due diligence-β=0.34, p=0.043; Cross-cultural communication-β=0.29, p=0.041; Connection-β=0.31, p=0.028; and Control-β=0.36, p=0.038) on successful cultural combinations in MNCs operating in Nigeria. In addition, Cultural due diligence, Cross-cultural communication, Connection, and control contributed 38%, 30%, 17% and 17% respectively, towards positive variations in international acquisition performance of MNCs operating in Nigeria during the study period. The model contrived provides predictive implications on improved international acquisition performance, given the activities of CFs manifesting successful cultural combinations. This paper suggests that it is not cultural distance per se, but ineffective management of cultural differences that may be the main reason for the high failure rates of international acquisitions.
An antecedent factor of customer patronage among selected hotels in Southwest, Nigeria
(Ajayi Crowther University, 2023-04-01) Akinruwa E. Temitope
Study examine location as antecedent factor of customer patronage among selected hotels in Southwest, Nigeria. Explanatory variables like convenient location; conducive environment; good access road and secure environment were used to explain the predictive effect location on customer patronage of the hotels. Methods adopted includes descriptive via structured questionnaire; heterogeneous purposive sampling techniques and multiple regressions analysis. Total numbers of 69 hotels across all sizes, ranging from one five stars were sampled with the population of 5,070. descriptive results showed that male have the highest value of patronage. customers within the age bracket 31-40 patronized more than any other age groups. Married customers takes the lead of hotels patronage, also customers with University qualification to the lead of patronage among other qualifications. While highest value years of experience were attributed to ages 31-40. Besides, data analysis unveiled that among the predictive factors convenient location take the lead. This is follow by good access road; conducive environment and secure environment. In conclusion, good location is considered as the most viable influential factor that capable of attracting more customers' patronage in hotel business.
An antecedent factor of customer patronage among selected hotels on Southwest, Nigeria
(Ajayi Crowther University Oyo, 2023-04-01) Akinruwa E. Temitope
Study examine location as antecedent factor of customer patronage among selected hotels in Southwest, Nigeria. Explanatory variables like convenient location; conducive environment; good access road and secure environment were used to explain the predictive effect location on customer patronage of the hotels. Methods adopted includes descriptive via structured questionnaire; heterogeneous purposive sampling techniques and multiple regressions analysis. Total numbers of 69 hotels across all sizes, ranging from one five stars were sampled with the population of 5,070. descriptive results showed that male have the highest value of patronage. customers within the age bracket 31-40 patronized more than any other age groups. Married customers takes the lead of hotels patronage, also customers with University qualification to the lead of patronage among other qualifications. While highest value years of experience were attributed to ages 31-40. Besides, data analysis unveiled that among the predictive factors convenient location take the lead. This is follow by good access road; conducive environment and secure environment. In conclusion, good location is considered as the most viable influential factor that capable of attracting more customers' patronage in hotel business.
Fostering entrepreneurship as a form of curtailing youth unemployment in Ogun State, Nigeria
(Hallmark University Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2021-10-03) Adedeji, Solomon O.; Ibojo, Bolanle O.
This study examined how fostering entrepreneurship can serve as a form of curtailing youth unemployment in Ogun State, Nigeria...
Effects of Occupational Hazards on Employees’ Productivity
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2013-04-04) Ofoegbu, O.E.; Olawepo, G.T; Ibojo, B.O.
It is a fact that profit maximization serves as the key/core objective for setting up 2006); however, in achieving this objective, there is the need to consider the welfare and safety of workers in the organization. Considering the welfare and safety of employees in order to boost productivity and profitab must be minimized or prevented because it serves as a negative catalyst for declined productivity. This paper tends to illuminate the effect of occupational hazards on employees productivity because it negatively affects productivity, which in turn affects organizational profitability. The researchers adopted the combination of secondary and primary sources of data. The secondary data involves the use of journals, periodicals, internet, and related materials while the primary data envelops questionnaires from respondents. Chi collected through questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive (percentages) and inferential statistics (regression analysis and coefficient of multiple determinations employees to hazardous substances reduces productivity. The results also indicate that training of employees on accident prevention can positively affect productivity. The conclusion is that effect on productivity. The recommendation is that organizations need to provide safe and conducive environment for the performance of the job. There is also the need to provide training and educative programmes in order or minimize occupational hazards and boost productivity.
Effects of Factor Analysis on the Questionnaire of Strategic Marketing Mix on Organisational Objectives of Food and Beverage Industry.
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2013-08-10) Ibojo, Bolanle Odunlami
This study examines the effects of factor analysis on the questionnaire of strategic marketing mix on organizational objectives of food and beverage industry. The objective is to test the effect of factor analysis on the questionnaire, and to show if factor analysis is appropriate and desired if a desired result is to be achieved. The methodology employs primary and secondary sources of data. The primary source envelopes questionnaires while the secondary source allows for the use of journals, internet and the periodicals. The data were analyzed using descriptive (percentages) and inferential statistics(factor analysis). It should be noted that the result of the questionnaires were subjected to factor analysis.The findings show that the correlation matrix was all positive and above 0.5.The Kaiser-Mayer Olkin has a value of 0.882which show the greatness of the data. After extraction, the principal component analysis show high percentages of the variance accounted for. Eight factors were extracted which explain 72.6% of the variability. Finally, the variables were loaded in one component or the other.It is hereby concluded that the correlation matrix shows the adequacy of the factor analysis on the questionnaire. The Kaiser-Mayer Olkin of .0882 and Batlette test of 0.00 show that factor analysis is appropriate. The extracted component represents the variables well. The eight factors explained 72.6% of the information contained by the 25items (variables).More so, the variables were loaded in one component or the other, showing that the variables are satisfactory for further studies. All these show that factor analysis has effect on the questionnaire of strategic marketing mix on organizational objectives of food and beverage industry.
Effect of Sales Promotion as a Tool on Organizational Performance (A case Study of Sunshine Plastic Company)
(Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 2011-01-01) Ibojo, Bolanle Odunlami; Ogunsiji, Amos
In spite of the numerals sales promotion techniques available to many organizations, it is important to note that many organizations have not yet appreciated how to effectively and efficiently utilize these sales promotion techniques in attempting to enhance their organization performance. The objective of this paper is to find out if sales promotion techniques to be adopted at a given time affect the company’s sales volume and also to look at the effect of sales promotion on organizational performance. The method used is survey approach which gives room for primary data-questionnaire while the sampling technique adopted is simple random sampling techniques in which all members of the population has equal probability and independent chance of being selected. The chi-square method is used to test the hypothesis and to examine the effect of sales promotion on organizational performance. During the course of findings, majority of the respondents accepted the fact that sales promotion affects organizational performance and sales volume of the organization. In conclusion, effective implementation of sales promotional tools lead to increase in sales volume and invariably higher profits. It is recommended that during festive period, organizations should take full advantage by developing an effective and efficient sales promotion campaign that can arouse the consumers awareness, thereby leading to greater purchase of their products.

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